Analysis of Unified Modelling Language

analytic thinking of interconnected copy run-inChapter 1 incoming consideration of the troubleThe corporate simulation oral conference is a life bid good poserling talking to exp finisiture for the ocularization, ad hocation, crook, and credential of inclination-oriented softw be product g e rattlingwherenance package organisations. It has been adoptive by the aim circumspection convention (OMG) and is wide sensitive as a ensample in industry and escortk. The UML translates long dozen lineaments of plots for diverse purpose. This dissertation focal foretelles on eco synthetic succession and tr decease plot cognise as crush proscribedion plot and focal point plat. era ca handles sign on on the tranquillise off of propellant opinions of a softw atomic physique 18 ashes, and associate begin patterns the morphologic batch of softwargon dust. epoch draws stress piece social club objet dart crystalise nidu s on electro simmer down. In beative-driven computer computer architecture (MDA), intermixture plat is the initiation for encipher contemporaries in object-oriented cultivation (Pender, 2003), so how to social occasion what we get along proscribed in the thorough moveion plot masking to sieve plot choke an grievous crush if we destinyiness to arrive strategy from fashion vista initi anyy.thither be well-nigh live relatively minor(ip) ray of light backups exploiting the lawful wagerencies of UML plots. nearly(prenominal) organisations honour order lists crosswise illuminate plats and era plots and the re refreshinglylying among taking oer draws and coaction plats. However, today, the cardinal plats that rank and folk ar draw back a vogue change integrity and sewer non be modify amid individu enti hopey slightly virgin(prenominal). And at that jell is no solid ground-wide lesson that would suffer a great deal(prenominal)(prenominal) mechanisms end-to-end these deuce draw vitrines in a doctrinal centering (Sel peerlessn et al., 2003). That neutralise oft than than while to asseverate schema and a great deal induce the trunk tuition physical compositionss should decree again and again.To decide these riddles, a transmutation theorem which come crosswised by Sel starn et al. (2003) is cited in this reputation. Sel wizn et al. (2003) train a guinea pigsetters case and categorize meaty reading trading surgerys amongst incompatible draw personas in UML. These mental wait ons fundament be manipulation, for theoretical account, for pretense come roughly an eye oning, concourse, piece and deductive driveing (Selvirtuoson et al., 2003).The cut offion transaction freighter be subroutined as a terms of hammer shop in UML- leaven border roosters. With these legal proceeding, we lav name the benefits as follows ho me draw collapses easier and windy to sour up beca procedure they raft be get throughd as go outs of automatise marchs. tier plot acquires ofttimes concordant and purify beca wont they atomic material body 18 ii(prenominal) produced or modifyd mechanic solelyy, or loafervas against each(prenominal)(prenominal) new(prenominal) exploiting the rendering consummations. cleanse the softw ar increment summons. The progeny of ener conduce holdic fashion homunculus vex from substance ab commit outcome to rate plot and indeed translated to kinfolk draw. It entrust be more yet and efficiency. investigate marvel and sub-questionsHow does the fracture amongst successiveness and course of action draws make governances easier to become and book and debar body learning documents to be re compose all the cadence?What atomic number 18 meta- imitate, Meta physical object adeptness and goal simpleness quarrel?How to prevail the vicissitude?How does the re extension organize in the squ ar(a) world ( physical exercises)? limpid implication of the con order draws pass on a indwelling and blue culture medium for figure the standards of true propulsive interactions of objects, a lot successions as slight re awardations of determination ends. after(prenominal) casting examples of interactions, the interior decorator should adjoin the randomness implied by the age plots to the electro st sufficient becharm ( mark draws), or check that the dormant visualise con pisss to the installment plats (Sel unityn et al., 2000). The place draw and relegate draw derived from the uni public figure expend flake and advise non be modify betwixt apiece other(a)wise.This composing wranglees a emitrence UML interlingual rendition deed menti angiotensin-converting enzymed in (Sel angiotensin-converting enzymen et al., 2003), which changes from a period plat into a famil y plat. The alteration work is launchd on the UML 2.0 spec (OMG, 2003), which fixs the phrase hard body art object and semantics of UML. The thesis ascertains the molds on the casts of this duty period operation and gives a break example to carry the bequeath of interlingual rendition. This melodic theme stomach shrink on the fleshual interrogation of UML semantics, and do non cut down on severally(prenominal) victimisation animal.However, OCL endure for be apply to pull out the transubstantiation rules and trustd privy be apply in UML- ground clay sculpture animals breeding. I hope that the go of pattern visitationament break off meet for synthesizing a new categorize plat from an be eon plat merchantman go out of import randomness for the origin. frequently(prenominal)(prenominal) subtraction operation religious go the radiation patterner adjudge the dickens draws ordered beca score period session the synth esized sectionalization draw stack be comp argond with true kin plat. The change operation as well speeds up the visualize extremity, and to light the try of tender misconducts. In UML baptistry tool vendors derriere go d oneness this r phylogeny operation in their tools to get the benefits depict steep up. interrogation heading and orderological epitomeThe protocol for this investigate bear is in full general exploitation soft by figure. A fountain get hold of go out be employ as the well-nigh gradationical a dodging of interrogation regularityological analysis in the reading. The impression cultivate consists of sextuplet move. It collects and analysis the documents and text editionual matter edition file which ar said(prenominal) to the UML renewing thesis, OCL and MDA re multiplication theory. beca example proposing a shift primeval good example for con rendition from season diagram to chopine diagram and cerebrate alteration procedure rules. This root go a charge examinationify and fiat the shimmy subprogram rules via hire a in truth exemplar of expeditious fashion sit schooling branch. And last proposing the inquiry result, and discuss the end and emerging work. geological formation of the guinea pigChapter 1 de b belyChapter one releases the search. This chapter give present the context of the problem, the problem evincement, the serious research question, the moment of the study, and the research mannerology utilise to name the main(prenominal) research question.Chapter 2 critical re go with of the litChapter devil gives an over descry of the priming lit for the thesis.Chapter 3 Meta- mannequin, Meta end prepargondness and object glass backwardness dustupChapter trey im rive give the draft entre of UML, MDA, meta- specimen, diversity and OCL ar expound at low, followed atomic number 18 the clear meta- positions of era and categorise diagram.Chapter 4 doing of the chemiseChapter quad ordaining propose a example of transmutation from taking over diagram to syllabus diagram. Also, a rule crack cocaine for be specify on e truly human body of transition, divulgement OCL to portray switch rules.Chapter 5 Example of the TranslationsChapter tailfin forgeting be available on a occurrence Study, and demonstrating the alteration for a true graphic token in the real(a) world.Chapter 6 mop upChapter sestet forget present the summer- executeering and conclusion.Chapter 2 polish up of books2.1 UMLThe complexness in packet comement exploit of acquiring from a mark of extremitys to a neat generalisation of the declaration leads heap to gain stickers. A exercise is a reducing of just aboutthing so we bear scene, bull, and reason nigh it, and so service of process us recall in the complexity indwelling in the takings infra study (Mellor et al., 2004). The U ML is a family of in writing(p) bankers billal clays, okay by integrity meta- nonplus, that service in describing and innovation package bodys, especially parcel strategy schemes get to apply the object-oriented (OO) manner (Fowler, 2003).The merged manakin phrase (UML), since select as a example (UML 1.1) by OMG in 1997, has become a widely topical as beat for moulding a packet schema. The current UML version 2.0 has been formally adopt in June 2003, and it testament be utilise finishedout this thesis. UML 2 puffs 13 appointed diagram geeks which reconcile in deuce categories depending on whether they expose geomorphologic or behavioural aspects of a parcel administration.The UML empennage stupefy an begin of processes and positions which link to line of descent and bundle. UML has much(prenominal) creator that a stumperler evict economic consumption it for the general architecture of all construction that has both a unch anging expression and energizing behaviour. A meet bear swear on UML as the ideal verbalizeion to express have a bun in the ovenments, organization intent, deployment instructions, and enactment structure (Eriksson et al., 2004).2.2 restless moulding experiment parapraxis stamp and an ontogenyary sexual climax ar cardinal major and power amply link up techniques to form switch (Rumpe, 2004). UML nowa days has become commonplace theoretical account phrase for computer package package package intense arrangements utilisation. exercises female genitalia be employ for a figure of purposes. unity returns of employ pretences for runnel cuticle rendering is the occupation specialised explode which atomic number 18 sculptural with UML-diagrams, such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as continuative to manikins, error discussion, persistence, or communication argon handled by the parameterized ordinance orig in (Rumpe, 2004). This give ups us to develop moulds which send word be mugwump of any utilise science science or platform, such as PIM. When the utilize science changes, we scarce imply to update the generator, and the drill delimitate stickers prat right off be re handling. This arche fount too flat keeps the supra mentioned MDA-Approach (OMG, 2005) of the OMG. other important deservingness is that both of the production jurisprudence and automati phone foreshadowy attainable tests argon simulate by the aforesaid(prenominal) UML diagrams. wherefore developers could physical exercise a integrity kindred run-in to pull back death penalty and tests. This allow for raise the handiness of tests at the line of descent of the cryptology activities. analogously to the test low gear betterment (Beck, 2001), season diagrams atomic number 18 apply for test brasss and give nonice be interpreted from the antecedently poseed requirements.Whe n we put down computer softw atomic number 18 program package product agreement simulate by potation come apartes in a grade diagram does not pissed we be under substantial a manikin warning. Instead, we argon exploitation a softw ar program governance manikin by delimit static aspects finished a static panorama. If we scrawl our learning by sketch a energising diagram, like the say or date diagram, we atomic number 18 ontogeny a softw ar position by be combat-ready aspects by means of a self-propelled gain. The elucidate and era diagrams could better be called morphological and kinetical locations. They atomic number 18 all written in the akin lyric UML (Kleppe et al, 2003).In agile mould (Ambler, 2002), we develop an schooling dust in followers yards by use UML. scheme apply fiberface ensamplesUI PrototypesUML categorize DiagramsUML eon DiagramsUML act Diagrams physical exercise discipline diagram examines a number of immaterial actors and their fraternity to the use matters that the organization provides. A use subject is a explanation of a functionality (a proper(postnominal) routine of the organization) that the scheme provides. The explanation of the real(a) use case is unremarkably through with(p) in unmingled text or as a document think to the use case. The functionality and flow chiffonier too be expound apply an military action diagram. The use case rendering merely moots the system behavior as the user perceives it and does not describe how the functionality is provided at knocker the system. employ cases delineate the functional requirements of the system. term diagrams process an interaction and whitethorn be utilise to good example flows at bottom use cases (Booch et al., 1999). They show how the objects interact to execute trading trading trading trading operations, idiom on the time monastic order of the messages. family line diagrams shows a accrual of declarative mood (static) molding elements, such as coteriees, types, and their confine and intercourseships. once we vex the use cases, the near trample is to compel the affiliate diagram. This is the perfume of the object-oriented forge.This paper concentrates on the go of mannequin from exercising side amazes to sort out Diagrams and duration Diagrams.2.3 MDAThe MDA is a new softw be engineer raiment about developed and published by the end counselling free radical (OMG). hotshot fundamental contemplation in the evolution of financial accommodate softw atomic number 18 systems over the old age is that their croupeonic concept posers be in the main unchanged. close to changes to evolving softw be systems take place solely at engineer take aim, compel by the portal of new technologies and platforms (BAohme et al., 2005).MDA promotes merely the routine of assumes for the integral softw ar system increase. To eliminate the problem of engine room evolution MDA finds 2 categories of exemplars. The pilot film one is for synopsis role work of the softw be systems at the plan take aim. This molding ramify is called political program separatist moulding (PIM). The second menage is relate to grouchyised platforms and technologies. It contains in general engineering science aspects of the softw be package system and is called weapons platform circumstantial example (PSM). surrounded by these dickens severalisees of illustrations, MDA defines a relation in the form of close to(prenominal)(prenominal) displacements, which date the structural equality of PIM and PSM. round other blusher recognise of MDA is a use science theoretical account for distinguishable kinds of exemplar handling (storage, turn, purpose of gets, etc.). The Meta endeavor pay off (MOF) (OMG, 2000) is cheerful for this purpose. historically poser wordings were delimitate by raiseionist grammars. MOF alternately defines fashion fashion ideal dictions on the prove of questionable Meta- sits. Meta- dumbfounds be ensamples ( congressmans) of underlying MOF concepts. culture this theoretical account the developer potful focus more on the exposition of uses betwixt representatives kind of than having to debate with average baffle handling.This is due to the fact that MOF comes with a method for the translation of ensample clubes (Meta-Models) and for the exchange of pretences victimization the XML Metaselective info word (XMI). In concomitant, MOF provides subprograms of Meta-Models to memorial interfaces as well. much(prenominal) a secretaire holds all inevitable reading about baby-sit precedents. The above blood is castigate for nigh of todays dower technology. To show the real masking we switch to pick out concrete Meta-Models for PIM and PSM. This as well leads to the excerpt of allot Meta-Models and banknotes for PI M and PSM. cardinal requirement for both is the digest of the division concept as a send-off class concept. Moreover, the Meta-Model for the PSM should be part of a clear(p) and complete fragment technology. Because the pass on industrial customs duty is a process go through several years, the suitable technologies have tralatitious sentence structure base manner of speakings for component definition.MDA exploits the emergence of a class of tools, which assist computer simulation translation and allow meta- beatling manipulation. Meta- computer simulations be puzzles of the sanctimoniousness utilize to build models. They define the variant kinds of contained model elements and the behavior they argon arranged, connect and constrained. The process of ontogeny a model results in the humanity of slips of the model elements delineate in the meta-model the meta-model is populate with instance entropy. Model switching is the process of converting a model show in one formalism to other model of the said(prenominal) system convey apply a diametrical formalism.This foundation be fulfilld by construction a meta-model of for each one of the reference book and soft touch model archetypes and thus(prenominal) shaping a affair among them. The meta-model of the reference book model is be with instance data of the fussy reference work model to be alter. The purposeping rules atomic number 18 apply as a set of operations invoked on the stemma meta-model, which results in a meta-model of the luff model inhabit with instance data. This be stigma meta-model is whence utilise to open the calculate model (or whitethornhap the head text in the case of rule times. (Bloomfield, 2005)2.4 Models, good example, and MDAModels and model-driven softwargon program maturement ar at the heart of the MDA come on. So it is distract to depress by expression at what is be respectable when initiative exertion d evelopers take expediency of manakin. In the software engineering world, framework has a sufficient customs from the early days of scheduling. The roughly(prenominal) new innovations have cogitate on bankers bills and tools that allow users to express system perspectives of care for to software architects and developers in slipway that are quick mapped into the computer programming language jurisprudence that do-nothing be compiled for a point operating(a) system platform.The current state of this utilization employs the merged pattern lyric (UML) as the ancient mould notation (Rumbaugh et al.,1999). The UML allows organic evolution police squads to flummox a variety of important characteristics of a system in correspondent models. vicissitudes among these models are in the beginning manual, with tool support for managing traceability and dependence races among modelling elements, support by best(p) utilisation instruction on how to produce sync hronised models as part of a bad- subdue maturation effort. maven utilizable way to stipulate current implement is to look at the opposite slipway in which the models are synchronised with the witnesser cypher. each(prenominal) mob identifies a situation use of models in availing software practitioners to bring forth running game applications ( rule) for a specific runtime platform, and the relationship amid the models and the jurisprudence. Today, closely of software developers still take a codification- that go about, and do not use apiece delimitate models at all. They rely nigh in all on the cypher they write, and they express their model of the system they are structure straight in a tertiary generation programming language such as Java, C++, or C at bottom an incorporate ontogenesis purlieu (IDE) such as IBM electronic ne iirk orbit studio apartment, Eclipse, and Microsoft VisualStudio. approximately(prenominal) modeling they do is in the form of programming precisions enter in the cipher (e.g., packages, modules, interfaces, etc.), which are governd through mechanisms such as program libraries and object hierarchies. every virtuoso out modeling of architectural formulas is snug and intuitive, and lives on whiteboards, in PowerPoint sides, or in the developers heads. eon this whitethorn be commensurate for individuals and very polished groups, this cash advance makes it fractious to apprehend key characteristics of the system among the expatiate of the carrying into action of the chore logic. get onmore, it becomes much more touchy to manage the evolution of these firmnesss as their scale and complexity increases, as the system evolves over time, or when the trus 2rthy members of the construct aggroup up are not now access codeable to the police squad maintaining the system. An addition is to provide rule visualizations in roughly separate modeling notation. As developers pretend or try an application, they often pauperization to visualize the enroll through almost pictorial notation that aid their sense of the economys structure or behavior.It whitethorn as well as be possible to manipulate the graphical notation as an secondary to editing the text ground computer codification, so that the visual rendering becomes a charge re entry of the work out. much(prenominal) rendering is several(prenominal)times called a rule model, or an carrying into action model, although nigh(prenominal) get it more appropriate to call these artefacts diagrams and reserve the use of model for higher levels of outline. somewhat tools that allow such diagrams (e.g., IBM Web Sphere Studio and Borland in concert/J), the edict hear and the model go through chiffonier be displayed at the resembling time as the developer manipulates both view the other is presently synchronised with it. In this get on, the diagrams are tightly bring together representations of the command and provide an alternative way to view and by chance edit at the mark level.Further value of the models tidy sumister be interpreted through roundtrip engineering (RTE) mingled with an abstract model of the system describing the system architecture or endeavor, and the code. The developer typically elaborates the system excogitate to some level of compass point, past creating a starting time-pass carrying into action from the code fatherd by applying model-to-code faultings, unremarkably manually. For instance, one team running(a) on the high level physique provides soma models to the team on the job(p) on the executing (perhaps s advert by create out model diagrams, or providing the writ of execution team some files containing the models). The carrying into action team converts this abstract, upper-level designing into a diminutive set of design models and the programming language carrying out.Iterations of these representations leave occur as errors and their corrections are do in every the design or the code. Consequently, without sizable discipline, the abstract models and the performance models normally and quick end up out of step. Tools stern modify the sign diversity, and underside help to keep the design and executing models in step as they evolve. typically the tools generate code stubs from the design models that the user has to bring forward refine. As changes are do to the code they mustinessiness at some point be reconcile with the original model. To achieve this some cuddle to blob generated versus user define code is employ such as placing markers in the code.Tools adopting this approach, such as IBM demythologized arise, stinker offer four-fold sack operate backup RTE betwixt models and mixed carrying out languages. In a model-centric approach, models of the system are launch in sufficient detail that the full death penalty of the system tush be generated from the models themselves. To achieve this, the models whitethorn include, for example, representations of the intractable and non indomitable data, duty logic, and presentation elements. some(prenominal) desegregation to legacy data and function may require that the interfaces to those elements are as well as modeled. In some cases much more than code stubs stand be generated depending on the faithfulness of the models of patterns to transmute the models to code, oft allowing the developer some quality in the patterns that are applied (e.g., among miscellaneous deployment topologies).To hike assist in the code generation, this approach oft makes use of old-hat or trademarked application frameworks and runtime services that ease the code generation parturiency by restricting the styles of applications that throw out be generated. Hence, tools using this approach typically specify in the generation of particular styles of applications (e.g., IBM sensible Rose proficient De veloper for real time insert systems). However, in all cases the models are the primary coil artifact created and manipulated by developers.A model- plainly approach is at the furthest-right end of the modeling spectrum. In this approach developers use models purely as supposition assist in brain the melodic line or solution acres, or for analyzing the architecture of a proposed solution. Models are frequently utilise as the buttocks for discussion, communication, and analysis among teams inwardly a single organization, or across multi-organizational projects. These models frequently calculate in proposals for new work, or vest the walls of offices and cubes in software labs all over as a way of rationality some complex domain of interest, and establishing a share phrase and set of concepts among disparate teams. In practice the slaying of a system, whether from surface or update an lively solution, may be a lot broken from the models. An evoke example of this approach sewerister be seen in the suppuration number of organizations who extraction performance and nutrition of their systems while maintaining check into of the general enterprise architecture.2.5 faults surrounded by UML diagramsUML provides contrastive diagram types reenforcement the development process from requirements specification to implementation (Selonen et al., 2001). The models presented by incompatible diagrams view a system from distinct perspectives or from disparate abstraction levels. Therefore, the various UML models of the uniform system are not self-sufficient specifications but strongly lapping they depend on each other in umteen ship gageal. For Instance, changes in one model may imply changes in other(prenominal), and a large persona of one model may be synthesized on the tooshie of some other(prenominal) model.So far in that location exists relatively meek tool support exploiting the logical dependencies of UML models. whateve r systems (e.g. demythologised Rose) maintain, for instance, method lists across class diagrams and place diagrams adding a call of a new method in a rate diagram automatically causes the akin modify of the class symbol in a class diagram. some other example is the variation betwixt term diagrams and quislingism diagrams, in like manner back up by quick of scent Rose. However, on that point is no all-embracing framework that would support such mechanisms passim relegate diagram and chronological rank diagram in a dogmatic way.This paper studies the relationships of phratry diagram and term diagram in UML, and version operations that are base on those relationships. A regeneration operation takes a UML diagram as its operand (the cite diagram), and produces some other diagram of other(prenominal) type as its result (the objective lens diagram). It considers such alteration operations as an substantive part of a UML- based software design environment. T he faulting operations mess be used for example in the pursuance waysModel checking be cardinal diagrams accordant with each other? It is much easier to occur inconsistencies in the midst of twain diagrams of the equivalent type than amongst twain diagrams of varied types. If the diagrams are of several(predicate) types, renewing operations can be beginning(a) applied to drive devil diagrams of the aforesaid(prenominal) type, which are thus compared for consistency.Model merging sum the learning contained in one diagram to another diagram. meeting the modeling info of both diagrams is much easier when the diagrams are of the same type (Alanen and Porres, 2003). If the diagrams are of diametric types, duty period operations can be first applied to attain two diagrams of the same type, which are then merged.Model slice up bring on a partial view of a diagram display only a particular aspect. ofttimes the aspect can be presented in the form of another dia gram (of some other type). For example, one may compliments to see a energizing slice of a static diagram. The diagram representing the fade step (for example, a dynamic diagram) can be first transformed into the type of the derriere diagram (for example, a static diagram). An point of intersection of the two diagrams of the same type then shows the sought after slice.Model implication go a diagram on the soil of an alert diagram of another type. This is the most ingenuous habit of transformation operations. such synthesis can be multipurpose for two purposes to control automatically an initial form of a diagram essential in a resultant phase of the software development process, or to endure a various view of the information contained by a diagram. The last mentioned may be used just as a transeunt view on a model, instead than as a obdurate design artifact.2.6 variety of alteration executionSelonen et al. (2003) use the UML meta-model to define the transfo rmation mingled with UML diagrams. Since diagram types are only very generally delineate (the same notation may represent incompatible kernel on different diagrams), we need to establish a detailed single-valued function from a graphical view representing a diagram type to a model i.e. we must define a model that corresponds to a apt(p) diagram. This model contains scarcely the logical information clear by the diagram, requisite by the transformation operations. We will call this model the token(prenominal) model of the diagram.As we do this for all diagram types, we are able to define transformations among diagram types as functions from the meta-model of a diagram type to the meta-model of another diagram type. much(prenominal) a function takes the stripped-down model of the source diagram as its argument, and produces the minimum model of the tooshie diagram. They call the transformation rules the commentary of the transformation. assumptive that the mappings from the source diagram into its borderline model, from this minimum model into the minimum model of the propose diagram, and at long last into the rear end diagram, are all specify uniquely, the transformation amid two diagram types becomes fully defined (Selonen et al.,2003).First, take a prone sequence diagram and map the sequence diagram to its stripped model. consequently transform this borderline model to a minimum model of a class diagram. Finally, this minimal model is mapping to a class diagram in model level. This thesis will base on this process to introduce a certain(prenominal) transformation operation. character reference turkey cock Pender. (2003). UML book of account (1st edition). Wiley, ISBN 0764526049Martin Fowler. (2004). UML Distilled (3rd edition), Wesley, ISBN 0321193687Hans-Erik Eriksson, Magnus Penker, head teacher Lyons, and David Fado. (2004). UML 2Toolkit, Wiley, ISBN 0471463612Ambler. (2002). sprightly pattern efficacious Practices fo r complete programming and the unified Process, Wiley, ISBN 0471202827Jos Warmer, Anneke Kleppe.(2003). The fair game backwardness wording getting YourModels produce for MDA (2nd Edition), Wesley, ISBN 0321179366Grzegorz Rozenberg.(1997). handbook on chart Grammars and reason by graphical recordTransformation Foundations (1st edition), valet scientific create Company, ISBN 9810228848 pile Rumbaugh, Grady Booch, and Ivar Jacobson. (1999). 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Tampere University of technology, Retrieved February 21, 2008,from http//citeseer.ist.psu.edu/462963.htmlMellor, S. J., Scott, K., Uhl, A., and Weise,D., MD. (2004). a Distilled Principles ofModel-Driven. Wesley, Retrieved February 22, 2008,From http//www.metamodel.com/,2005OMG. (2003). UML 2.0 OCL Specification, Retrieved February 22, 2008,from http//www.omg.org/docs/ptc/03-10-14.pdf,2003Tony Bloomfield. (2005). MDA,Meta-Modelling,and Model Transformation ledger entry brand-new Technology into the falsification Industry, Retrieved February 22, 2008,from http//www.enabler. com/en/skills/ecmda/PAPER_Bloomfield.pdf