Stereotypes Of The American Indian Mascot - 1206 Words

The United States of America has over two-thousand sport organizations that portray the American Indian people as a mascot. Ninety-two percent of these sport organizations are high schools, which means roughly around eight percent of high schools have the American Indian mascot in some form (FiveThirtyEightSports). Frankly, this is an unacceptable statistic.This promotes racist mental images from a young age, and can lead many generations to recycle this outdated representation of Natives. One might ask if an American Indian mascot is really that harmful, but there is an overwhelming amount of evidence that supports the motion that such a mascot is disastrous to the Native community. The imagery that the American Indian mascot perpetuates is negative stereotyping, generalization of the race, and is inaccurate in its portrayal, which can lead to dangerous consequences for the American Indian population. One of the biggest issues that Natives face when it comes to mascots, is that the American Indian mascot is demeaning and harmful, which leads to damaging stereotypical representation of the American Indian race (Minnesota Daily). The Atlanta Braves, a professional baseball team in the United States, has a logo that depicts an American Indian with his mouth wide open as if he is yelling; this image is named â€Å"The Screaming Savage† (Yahoo!Sports Canada). â€Å"The Screaming Savage† is just one of the many professional logos that use slurs or detrimental imagery to represent itsShow MoreRelatedThe Washington Redskins Name And Mascot1089 Words   |  5 PagesThe Washington Redskins name and mascot represents one of the most recognized American Indian figures in the United States. The controversial team name has been used since 1933, ever since changing from its original name â€Å"Boston Braves†. It has sparked a nationwide outcry among the remaining Native Ame ricans who reside in the United States. Indians are forced to be reduced to cartoon savages, ferocious warriors, and animal like heathens. After centuries of rampant dismissal, removal, and destructionRead MoreEnvironmental Impact On The Native American Community Essay1643 Words   |  7 Pagesundeniably disparaged against but none as much as the Native American community. Not only did we take their lives and their land but we continue to disrespect the entire community every single day. Our negative attitudes, misconceptions, and offensive stereotypes that we direct their way are not only hate induced but have an extremely negative impact on the Native American Identity. Our poor media representation of the Native American community is overwhelmingly harmful to its citizens and does notRead MoreAmerican Indians And American Indian Indians1403 Words   |  6 PagesIndian students, â€Å"American Indian respondents tended to view the Fighting Sioux nickname/logo as not honoring Un iversity of North Dakota or the Sioux people† (LaRocque, McDonald, Weatherly, Ferraro, 2011 p. 3). This proves that there is a huge negative connotation associated with these school mascots and according to American Indians themselves, they are not pleased with the current situation. It is important to realize the majority of people claiming that they are honoring the American IndianRead MoreThe use of Native Americans as mascots or team names has developed an issue that has been drawing600 Words   |  3 PagesThe use of Native Americans as mascots or team names has developed an issue that has been drawing controversy in today’s society. The question that must be asked then is: Why do we as a society quietly permit such disrespectful and hurtful conduct towards Native Americans continue, without taking any affirmative action to restrict it? Having people who run around in war paint and headdresses whooping it up at the sport games doesn’t honor anyone’s culture. It just praises racism and encourages peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Reel Injun774 Words   |  4 PagesWhen the subject of Native American characters comes up in conversation, most picture Tonto from the film The Lone Ranger. However, many don’t realize how the film industry has created a stereotype that has affected generations of Native Americans. From mascots to logos of tobacco and other products, the early westerns have help mold minds into placing Native Americans into something they are not. The documentary Reel Injun help shed light on the subject as well as raise awareness to how these filmsRead MoreThe Washington Redskins Name Controversy1106 Words   |  5 Pagescontroversy with Native Americans? That has been the questions since the 1980s. There are many different views on the issue. Some people believe the name should stay, some insist it should be changed, and others are ultimately indifferent. In the end, changing the name is the definite rig ht choice, the Washington Redskins name is offensive to the Native American people and therefore it must go. The name is not only offensive to the Native American people, but people outside of Native American s find issueRead MoreNative Americans : Native American People, Supports Nostalgic Feelings, And Saves1068 Words   |  5 PagesNative American people, supports nostalgic feelings, and saves funding. The opposing sides believes that if these images are kept then they are being offensive and degrading Native Americans since perpetuates negative stereotypes about Native Americans. One thing we do not pay much attention to is the way the Native Americans feel due to this. They obviously are not okay with the idea of them being used through logos and mascots and has caused a negative self-esteem effect on Native Americans. NativeRead More The Debate Regarding the Use of Native American Mascots Essay1353 Words   |  6 Pagescompetition, have a mascot. It is the mascot that repres ents the competitive spirit and team identity, motivating players and fans alike. Does the symbol chosen as a mascot have any impact on whether a team wins or loses? Unlikely. But the choice of a Native American mascot continues to ignite debate and controversy among athletes, fans and alumni, as well as those people who might otherwise be disinterested in sports. Why all the controversy? The dispute over whether Native American mascots should beRead MoreMascots : An Honor Or An Insult?1352 Words   |  6 PagesMascots: An honor or an insult? The idea of using Native American names and images in sports has been a topic of public controversy in the United States since the 1960’s. Sports mascots that continue to promote racial, cultural, or bias slurs should be changed so that racial discrimination can be stopped and everyone can be treated equally/fairly. In today’s society, there is no room for racism or stereotypes especially in sports; an activity that is supposed to bring people together to supportRead MoreNative American Mascots Should be Banned1253 Words   |  6 PagesIt was the seventh inning stretch at a Cleveland Indians baseball game and the crowd, in a somewhat inebriated state, cheered wildly at the team’s mascot. This mascot was not a bull or a bronco, or a giant or a jet, but rather, in my view, was a mean-spirited stereotype of a proud and noble people. In this age of political correctness, what minority in this country would allow itself to be portrayed in such a demeaning manner? African-Americans, as well as other minorities who have a strong political

Why Make A Business Plan Essay - 1270 Words

Why Make a Business Plan? Maybe you are thinking why do I need to use this workbook to evaluate my idea? Or bother with a template or even waste time doing a bunch of boring research? Many of the greatest businesses of all time never had a formal business plan, so why do I need one? Like most people you might just be just looking for the quickest way to open your business. The idea of researching and then creating a formal plan seems like a long and boring process. Several prominent authors and respected business people have said making a business plan is a waste of time. Some of these titans of industry often use one or two stellar businesses which never bothered to write a plan as evidence to reinforce this spurious claim. Yet none of them ever speak of, or know about, the great ideas that failed due to poor planning. Critics may also champion the idea of how the team you have in place is much more important than the plan you have. The same business plan skeptics might also say how you can’t plan for unforeseen events, and then state how these kinds of events will entirely change your business plan, thus making it irrelevant. The impatient entrepreneur might not want to waste time and fear that someone may â€Å"beat them to the punch† and steal their market share while they wallow away researching a potential concept. These are all valid reasons to skip the process entirely, and certainly everyone has the right to their opinion. Allegedly, Benjamin Franklin onceShow MoreRelatedDesigning A Perfectly Executed Business Plan932 Words   |  4 Pagesyour business plan as that essential stage prior to taking your first step. A perfectly executed business plan provides your business a solid foundation and without it you’re likely to fall flat on your face. That’s the bad news. The good news, the BEST news is that once you have created it, it becomes an invaluable guide to every aspect of your business. While it’s true that trying to secure funding thr ough traditional loans, grants, private placement offerings, or venture capitalists makes havingRead MoreDisaster Recovery Plan It 244 Week 3 Essay677 Words   |  3 PagesDisaster Recovery Plan Paper Fernando Hernandez IT244/Axia College Introduction In this assignment, I will go over the different items related to the disaster recovery plan. I will go over the purpose of the plan, explain the key elements that go into a plan, the methods of testing the plan, and why we test the plan. All while explaining why the disaster recovery plan is so critical to businesses in the event of an emergency. What is the purpose of a Disaster Recovery Plan? The purposeRead MoreExecutive Summary Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesThe executive summary is arguably the most important section of the business plan. It must be concise, specific, and well-written. It summarizes the highlights of the completed business plan and provides a brief snapshot of the plan, with sales, spending, and profit summary figures. The summary emphasizes those factors that will make the business a success. It must contain sound numbers for market size, trends, company goals, spending, return on investment, capital expenditures, and fundingRead MoreWhile Your Healthcare Practice Needs a Marketing Plan Essay1135 Words   |  5 PagesWhy Your Healthcare Practice Needs a Marketing Plan Angela Bostick-Dixon Ashford University Strategic Planning amp; Marketing in Health Care MHA 626 Cynthia Davis November 27, 2011 Why Your Healthcare Practice Needs a Marketing Plan The business plan of any organization can only occur after a successful strategic plan is form and securely in place. The strategic plan in any corporation, organization, and small business ventures has a vision on where this organization needs to be in theRead MoreWhy Do Healthcare Practices Need a Marketing Plan?793 Words   |  3 Pagesthe coming year is known as a marketing plan. A marketing plan includes a statement of the marketing situation, a discussion of target markets and company positioning and a description of the marketing mix intended for use in reaching marketing goals (entrepreneur.com, 2012). A second definition of a marketing plan is as follows: a plan that describes the activities involved in achieving certain marketing objectives within a given timeframe. A market plan starts off with the identification of specificRead MoreDeveloping a Strong Marketing Plan for an Exotic Pet Shop825 Words   |  3 Pagesimportant part of any business plan and when you conduct marketing is just as crucial. (Lesonsky, 2013) While it is important to keep your marketing plan fresh and new it can be detrimental to use an â€Å"on the fly† type approach because it is hard to judge whether your plan is reaching your organizational goals. (Lesonsky, 2013) This is why the â€Å"when† of our marketing plan has to be properly thought out and well developed. Timing is very important to the success of a business so deciding when toRead MoreBusiness Writing : What Is A Waste Of Time?932 Words   |  4 PagesWriting 20 pages of meticulous plans about your startup is not going to make you money. You won’t get an investor to invest in your business because you had written a book about what you are planning to do. What gets you money? Actually putting your ideas to the test – showing results in real life not on paper. Starting a business is time-consuming and it’s hard. Don’t make it worse by spending a days in front of your computer creating a lengthy business plan. Essentially, do not waste timeRead MoreI Discovered The Wonderful Website Of Verne Harnish848 Words   |  4 PagesHow to Get Your Strategic Plan Business Plan on One Page By Darren Bourke Sep 16, 2008 Having written many Strategic/Business Plans for clients over the years, I was often amazed to see how quickly the plan was filed away to collect dust in business plan heaven despite the time, cost and effort in preparing them. In my constant search for the best resources, I discovered the wonderful website of Verne Harnish.. Verne is referred to as the Growth Guy and only coaches medium businesses in theRead MoreWhy Is Raising Capital Critical For Success Of A Business?1478 Words   |  6 PagesLesson 2.1 Which type of business takes resources from nature to make its products? Name several examples. Extractors are a type of business which takes resources from nature to makes its product. If they take resources from nature to make their products or for direct consumption, they are referred to as extractors. Examples include oil refineries, farmers and growers, coal and copper mines, lumber mills, natural gas extractors. Farmers are another example of extractors they cultivate land and useRead MoreWhy Is Strategy Important to Business786 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to Strategic Management Why is Strategy Important to Business Kaplan University Management Policy and Strategy MT 460 – 01 Unit 2 The question of why strategy is important to business is compelling to say the least. There are a number of reasons why strategy can and often does determine the success, growth or failure of a business. Without a strategy the business is responding to internal and external circumstances or demands without the advantage of a plan in place to address them.

Emergency Room Criteria, Vivid Description, Concrete Example Free Essays

In order to evaluate the quality of emergency room care, it is essential to understand and define the standards that define high-quality care. My standards for high-quality Emergency Room care include the following: 1) it maintains life. 2) It provides rapid attention to injuries in order to prevent impairment. We will write a custom essay sample on Emergency Room Criteria, Vivid Description, Concrete Example or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3) It is professional and focused on providing maximized attention to the patients’ needs. 4) It includes rapid response to crisis. 5) It includes alleviating pain. 6) It includes having well-trained personnel.7) It also includes efficiency. 8) It provides rapid assessment. 9) It provides cleanliness. 10) Finally, It utilizes excellent equipment. The American College of Emergency Physicians has established the following standards for high-quality Emergency Room care. 1) Emergency departments must possess the staff and resources necessary to evaluate all individuals presenting to the emergency department (ED.) 2) Emergency departments must also be able to provide or arrange treatment necessary to attempt to stabilize emergency patients who are found to have an emergency medical condition. 3) Because of the unscheduled and episodic nature of health emergencies and acute illnesses, experienced and quality physician, nursing, and ancillary personnel must be available 24 hours a day to serve those needs. 4) Evaluation, management, and treatment of patients must be appropriate and expedient. 5) Resources should exist in the ED to accommodate each patient from the time of arrival through evaluation, decision-making, treatment, and disposition. 6) Excellent facility design 7) State-of-the-art equipment 8) Access to required medications. (www.acep.org) The first standard is that a high-quality Emergency Room provides rapid attention. When I brought my 17-year-old son, who has asthma, to the Sutter Medical Center Emergency Department, he had difficulty breathing, was wheezing, had severe sweating, and heart palpitations. Unfortunately, the triage nurse did not prioritize my child’s medical needs. He had to wait a full 30 minutes to receive medical attention at the waiting area. When a person has an asthma attack, they need oxygen to live. If they do not receive rapid medical attention, his breathing problems increase and can even lead to shock. When my son had another asthma attack, I took him to the Kaiser Permanente Emergency Room. There the triage nurse determined that my son was in crisis. Thus, she immediately sent him to a treatment room where he received rapid attention. As a result, his crisis ended quickly. In conclusion, Kaiser was far superior to Sutter with regard to rapid attention. The second standard is that a high-quality Emergency Room provides well-trained personnel 24 hours a day. At Sutter, the triage nurse who evaluated my son did not seen to be well-trained about the effect of asthma. The doctors and nurses who provided care to my son were well-trained and were able to end his attack. At Kaiser, 100% of the personnel were well- trained. The triage nurse correctly evaluated my son and prioritized his care. The physicians and nurses who treated him were able to quickly stop his attack. The personnel at Kaiser were all well- trained where as a key staff member at Sutter was not well-trained. The third standard is that high-quality Emergency Room provides a clean, well-organized and well- designed facility. At Sutter, the Emergency Room was small and not well-ventilated. Patients were crowded together; thus their screams and pain made others anxious and germs could be easily spread. The vinyl floor was scuffed and dull, the window had a view of a brick wall, and the walls were painted drab green. In contrast, the Kaiser Permanente Emergency Room has been recently renovated inside and out. It is an attractive room with new furniture. The waiting room is spacious, and people are not crowded together. It is very clean. In conclusion, the Kaiser Emergency Room is superior with regard to high-quality facilities. The fourth standard is that a high-quality Emergency Room provides state-of- the- art equipment. At Sutter, there was a mix of modern and old equipment. The nebulizer was extremely old; however, the oxygen equipment was modern. At Kaiser, 100% of the equipment was modern. The Kaiser equipment was much more powerful, and helped to end my son’s attack more rapidly. In conclusion, Kaiser‘s Emergency Room equipment was superior to Sutter’s Emergency Room equipment because it was much more modern. The fifth standard is that there is immediate access to required medications. At both Sutter and Kaiser, my son received the necessary medication. Consequently, Kaiser and Sutter were equal with regard to the standard of access to medication. In conclusion, overall, the Emergency services at Kaiser Permanente were far superior to those provided by Sutter Medical Center. If I could it over again, I would have chosen to go to Kaiser Permanente both times. I only hope that the word gets out about Sutter Medical Center so that other patients do not make the same mistake I did and receive poor quality Emergency Room Care. How to cite Emergency Room Criteria, Vivid Description, Concrete Example, Essays

Governance - Regulation & Risk Management In Banking

Question: Discuss about the Governance, Regulation Risk Management In Banking? Answer: Introduction The global financial crisis changed the scenario of the capital market throughout the globe. Economies of some of the most developed countries came crashing down to the ground. With big names in the banking sector reduced to ashes, it was high time to start from the scratch (Covitz, Liang and Suarez 2013). Banks as financial intermediaries play a pivotal role in the development of the economy of a country. Banks are separate from other financial intermediaries, as they have a much extended role to play (Flannery, Kwan and Nimalendran 2013). Risk management is an integral part of the banking business and many regulatory and legislative changes have been made in this field since the financial crisis of 2008. These stringent norms have tried to change the manner in which banking business operations are carried out throughout the world. The Basel III accord proposed by the BIS (Bank for International Settlements) is one such example of regulatory measure regarding capital adequacy and ri sk handling in banks throughout the world (Frankel and Saravelos 2012). This essay attempts to bring out a critical analysis of the notion that regulatory changes have created a fear among the banking professional, which has lead to an increase in professional misconducts opposite what these regulations intended. In doing so, two articles of The Financial Times have been referred to that speaks about the speech given by the Chief Executive of the UBS bank. Sergio Ermotti, the Chief Executive of UBS stated that stringent regulatory changes have made banks more risk adverse and this has influenced the business to a great extent. He further suggested that making mistakes by banking professionals would be tolerated as long as they are honest ones. This created a stir within the banking fraternity and has been much criticised, as it will allow executive to make mistakes knowing that they can get away with those mistakes. A sense of getting a pardon for wrongdoings will tend them to take their responsibilities in a much serious manner. From the viewpoint of a shareholder, this irresponsible mentality is a crime that requires a death penalty (Haas and Lelyveld 2014). Shareholders and customers entrust the banks with their hard earned money and if the loose this money due to lack in their sense of responsibility; it turns out to be a total disaster for the stakeholders. Lets take a look at some of the factors of the global financial crisis. Banks throughout the world engaged too much in hedging and invested most of the money of their investors in bonds and other debt instruments that were secured by faulty commercial and residential mortgages. Too many collaterized debt obligations (CDO) were issued where the underlying assets were not performing (Fratzscher 2012). Banks were busy in making money by selling bonds, derivatives, swaps, and other securities without properly evaluating the status of the underlying assets. Most of these underlying assets were commercial and residential mortgages held by the banks for which advances were also provided by them. Banks were hardly bothered about recovering these loans as long as they were making money by selling securities collateralized by these loans (Haas and Lelyveld 2014). In the absence of a proper follow-up, these loans started to turn out bad and lost their value. The fact that these mortgages were t urning bad was undetected due to the fact that the bonds and securities were being sold got AAA ratings from most of the credit rating agencies. As a result, the banks paid much less heed towards proper evaluation and classification of these assets (Covitz, Liang and Suarez 2013). Gradually, these non-performing assets surfaced and the balance sheet of the banks started eroding. Non-performing assets or NPAs pose a great threat to the banks and are considered to be a real charge on the economy of a country. Banks are required to make provisions for NPAs out of their profits. As the amount of NPAs increased, the provisioning amounts also increased (Chodorow-Reich 2014). As a result, balance sheets of most of the banks started to show negative figures. This financial status brought down the market value of their shares along with the securities issued by them. All these contributed to the overall fall down of the international economies (Kuppuswamy and Villalonga 2015). Following the slow down came an enormous change in the regulatory and legislative frameworks. There was a wind to increase accountability and transparency in the manner business activities are carried out throughout the world. The concept of responsible lending practice became very popular. Respo nsible lending involved a proper evaluation of the credit worthiness of a potential borrower (Erkens, Hung and Matos 2012). Regulators were attempting to inculcate an environment of better governance and compliance to the regulatory and legislative changes that were made to increase the efficiency of the entire banking system. As mentioned above, the changes made by regulators and the government are meant to bring transparency and accountability among banking professionals. Ethical standards and code of conducts are being formulated and implemented to ensure that banks perform their duty of financial intermediation in a proper manner so as to cater an overall growth of the industry and that of the economy (Collins 2012). Effective internal control and internal check systems are effectively being placed to ensure that the risk of making mistakes are eliminated. In such a scenario, bankers are required to perform their responsibilities in a proper manner and be accountable for such work. This in no way hampers the risk taking ability of banks. It a conventional truth that risk and return are co-related (Kuppuswamy and Villalonga 2015). Effective risk management mechanisms are being used by financial institutions to counter and resolve risks arising out of their banking activities. The regulatory environment in no way wants banks to be risk adverse. Stringent norms are being put in place so that mistakes made by bankers do not cost the stakeholders and the banks valuable financial resources. However, if bankers are thrust in an environment where they know that they can be less accountable, the entire system will fail and it will become impossible to recover from such a situation. The main objective of the implemented codes of ethics and conduct will fail throughout the sector (Shiller 2012). This is what Lucy Kellaway stated in her article (the second article referred for this essay). A banker deals with public money and so being accountable and transparent in their work is one of the pre-requisites of the job. If they are allowed excessive room for errors, they will get in the habit of making errors. Some of these errors are inexcusable such as not adhering to proper documentation requirements, lack of foresightedness in evaluating the credit worthiness of a borrower, lack of seriousne ss in following-up of the advances made (Mullineux 2012). Errors in these cases might increase the operational risk of the bank that can ultimately lead to non-compliance of important legislative norms. Therefore, it can be said that regulators and legislators are not trying to make banks risk adverse but to take risks in a measured manner by proper evaluating the pros and cons of important investment and financial decisions (Singh 2012). In such a scenario, keeping loose ends internally will result in a total failure of the banking system. Performing financial services according to the applicable rules is the only way the objectives of an organization can be achieved. Lacking a spirit of accountability not only affects the stakeholders of a bank, it also affects the entire financial system of a country and this cannot be tolerated in an form (Collins 2012). Conclusion The above discussions point out to a very important fact about the functioning of banks throughout the world and its relation with national and international regulatory and legislative norms. The global financial crisis turned the tables for many developed countries and forced them to revisit their banking systems. In order to recover from the after affects of the crisis, various changes in the legislative front were made. Governments bailed out the economy of some of the worst affected countries of the world (Haas and Lelyveld 2014). The capital market collapsed and so did the securities market. Banks and other financial institutions became bankrupt in an attempt to cut short their losses. The aim of the regulatory reforms was to restructure the entire banking system. The risk taking ability of the banks faced an enormous challenge. Risk management had to be enforced in a new form by implementing an effective risk management mechanism that re-engineered the whole business process of these banks. Managing risk and being accountable was one of the primary objectives of the legislative changes. In such a scenario, if banking professional are allowed to get away with their mistakes, frauds and misconducts will increase rather than providing a proper solution. Therefore, it can be concluded that the objective of stringent norms is to empower the banking institutions to work better and contribute much more to the economic development. References Chodorow-Reich, G., 2014. The employment effects of credit market disruptions: Firm-level evidence from the 20089 financial crisis.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,129(1), pp.1-59. Collins, M., 2012.Money and Banking in the UK: A History(Vol. 6). Routledge. Covitz, D., Liang, N. and Suarez, G.A., 2013. The Evolution of a Financial Crisis: Collapse of the Assetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Backed Commercial Paper Market.The Journal of Finance,68(3), pp.815-848. Erkens, D.H., Hung, M. and Matos, P., 2012. Corporate governance in the 20072008 financial crisis: Evidence from financial institutions worldwide.Journal of Corporate Finance,18(2), pp.389-411. Flannery, M.J., Kwan, S.H. and Nimalendran, M., 2013. The 20072009 financial crisis and bank opaqueness.Journal of Financial Intermediation,22(1), pp.55-84. Frankel, J. and Saravelos, G., 2012. Can leading indicators assess country vulnerability? Evidence from the 200809 global financial crisis.Journal of International Economics,87(2), pp.216-231. Fratzscher, M., 2012. Capital flows, push versus pull factors and the global financial crisis.Journal of International Economics,88(2), pp.341-356. Haas, R. and Lelyveld, I., 2014. Multinational banks and the global financial crisis: Weathering the perfect storm?.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,46(s1), pp.333-364. Kuppuswamy, V. and Villalonga, B., 2015. Does diversification create value in the presence of external financing constraints? Evidence from the 20072009 financial crisis.Management Science. Mullineux, A., 2012.UK Banking After Deregulation (RLE: Banking Finance)(Vol. 23). Routledge. Shiller, R.J., 2012.The subprime solution: How today's global financial crisis happened, and what to do about it. Princeton University Press. Singh, D., 2012.Banking regulation of UK and US financial markets. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd..

Financial Management of Risk

There are numerous challenges entrepreneurs face seeking to succeed in business, in fact, these challenges are determined by the environment in which a business operates.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Financial Management of Risk specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, a business may be affected by either internal or external factors, whereby internal factors include factors emanating from the business structure, while external factors include those that are outside the business, and may emanate from other business organizations, or even political organization. For this reason, the choice of the environment is always critical when starting a business. Thus, the paper seeks to elaborate on the risk involved in moving business to Thailand or Louisiana, and review financial reports of Coca-Cola Company to highlight the management of risk involved in moving the business. Political instability in Thailand has b ecome a serious threat to business, thus entrepreneurs starting a business in this country face the risk of insecurity and violence (UK Trade and investment, 2012). Since the election in 2011, there have been incidences of unrest and bombings. On the other hand, the political structure in Louisiana is more stable compared to Thailand, hence providing a favorable business environment. Moreover, a significant factor affecting businesses in Thailand is bribery and corruption. Therefore, transferring a business to Thailand would mean that one has to take a significant risk hence discouraging foreign investors. In Louisiana, the levels of corruption are minimal, which is why it is more accommodating for investors than for Thailand (Coca cola Hellenic, 2012). In Louisiana, tax rates are higher as compared to those in Thailand; hence, transferring a business to this state would result to low returns and slow business growth. Consequently, this poses a limiting factor on investors, especial ly the small business entrepreneurs (Louisiana EDSP, 2012).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In business organizations, it is critical to establish factors limiting business success in order to have an organized approach to each of them, and aim at optimizing the revenue. These factors may be found within the business itself (internal factors), or outside the organization (external factors). However, there is a need to identify and deal with these factors because they are the key determinants of the business success. In this case, management is expected to compare company data obtained from various accounting periods, in order to identify the trend of business performance. In addition, managers also need to observe various changes in the market conditions during the financial periods to assist them in decision-making. A critical financial analysis of the Coca cola Company in dicates that there is a drastic fall in the revenue margins due to internal and external challenges the company is currently facing. An example of these internal factors is high manufacturing costs, which are contributing to high total costs resulting to low profits, and a substantial threat to the company (Verity, 2003). One of the external factors causing a drawback in the company progress is competition from other companies. There has been production of similar brands in the market such as PEPSI resulting to competition, which reduces the sales volume leading to low income. Moreover, a crucial factor is the political structures in the countries where products are sold. Since in some countries tax rates are high, there is an increase of price, which as a result, reduces demand leading to low sales, thus overall affecting the business negatively.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Financial Management of Risk specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/p age Learn More References Coca cola Hellenic. (2012). Financial Report: Coca cola Hellenic bottling Company, South America. Web. Louisiana EDSP. (2012). Louisiana Economic Development Strategic Plan 2012†2016. Web. UK Trade and investment. (2012). Overseas Business Risk-Thailand. Web. Verity, M. (2003). Mecca Cola challenges US rival. Web. This report on Financial Management of Risk was written and submitted by user Eva Ross to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom When Nanotechnology Meets Robotics essay

buy custom When Nanotechnology Meets Robotics essay Nanotechnology has the capability of playing an influential part in the current inventions. This is because of wide area that nanorobotics can contribute to their development. These areas include medicine, classic home appliances, and the manufacturing industry. With the coming of this technology, it is essential that individuals with no idea of how Nanotechnology functions strive to become conversant with how they work. Despite research indicating this field to be a futuristic field, various experiments and studies have taken place at an advanced level. The ambition of making this field available to the public has pulled scientist together from various fields such as computer programming, medicine and engineering. Noticeably, this field of Nanorobotics has realized a rapid expansion and interest because of the benefits it avails to the medicine industry. However, not much development has been achieved in this field, but scientists in Japan and the United States have made a significa nt step. Nanotechnology will enhance the current technology in various fields such as the space exploration applications, systems that use X-ray photons, computer memory chips, Genome applications for manipulating the DNA, Cell Probes, and Optical antennas. Basing on the speculations that Nanotechnology and Nanorobotics will accomplish it sure will be the next trendy thing. Nanorobotics Nanorobotics is a term easily understood with those possessing technical knowledge in the field. However, Nanorobotics is a term that originates from two words, which are robotics and Nanotechnology. Therefore, for a thorough understanding of the topic, research asserts that definition for the words that contribute to the term Nanorobotics explained in detail. Nanotechnology, which contributes to the first part of the word Nanorobotics, refers to engineering that result in manufacturing or building of tiny machines at an atomic level. Two scientists namely Charles M. Lieber and Alexander Balandin orchestrated developments in this field. Their works were visible as early as 1959, and it was it the form of conceptualizations and theories. This field aims at reducing the size of structures or particles. It focuses on lessening the size of these structures and particles to the size, which humans naked eyes cannot visualize. The basic point is to reduce the size of large structures to tiny scales producing tiny objects. On the other hand, robotics been a field of engineering specializes in the theoretical and practical areas of several disciplines such as manufacturing, designing, and construction. However, it focuses on these areas on both moving and mobile machines. According to research, this field is not that developed like the Nanotechnology. This is because the theoretical perspectives of robots commenced practicality as recent as the 1960s. This concept has undergone significant growth that many industrial applications utilize robotics in their everyday works. In the home environment, though, no significant developments regarding robotics are recognized. Noticeably, Nikola Tesla has contributed immensely in promoting Robotics as a major field in engineering and science. The definition of Nanotechnology and Robotics helps understand Nanorobotics easily. Therefore, from the two definitions Nanorobotics entails the development of technology in engineering involving robotics and technology. It comprises of science and engineering of making tiny robots close to microscopic levels utilized in various practical fields. Significant milestone in Nanorobotics involve nanoids, nanorobots, which are also referred to as nanohumans. The Concept behind Nanotechnology According to an interview on nanotechnology and photonics by Veselago, the first step to achieving a functioning nanorobot is to come up with an assembly line containing nanorobots. Nanomachine are essential for these nanorobots, although it is estimated that these Nanomachines take a long time to b converted to fully functioning nanorobots. The nanomachines are instrumental though in reduction of manufacturing time through replication and formation of many assemblers, which aid in coming up with Nanorobot in the shortest period possible. Research asserts that the advantage associated with the many assemblers is that they can manipulate a structure at the level of molecules and atoms, which eventually enable a machine to work (Bhatia). The book Nanomedicine and Nanorobotics assert that nanotechnology is essential for research purposes. This is through the things that can be conceptualized through Nanotechnology. For instance, Sattler indicates in his book that scientists can conceptualize an insect smaller in size than an ant. This is christened a mechanized Microant, which comes in different designs and models. Such a Microant will contain eyes fitted with cameras essential for feeding the researchers back with information, as this Microant can be send to deeper grounds for purposes of research. Further reports from the book indicate that the conceptualized insect should be able to go as deep as ten kilometers beneath the earths surface, and it should do this through finding cracks beneath the ground and avoiding blocked passages. This is a great discovery in the field of science, as it opens up new areas that were inaccessible for research (Veselago). Nanorobotics also plays an essential role in the field of medicine. The book Nanomedicine and Nanorobotics assert that scientists have been able to come up with DNA strands. The book also indicates that, with further research in the area of Nanomedicine, scientist will achieve milestones in the medical area that seem like unachievable dreams now. Some of the feats that can be achieved in the medical area include repairing of torn tissues, curing of cancerous growths, and creation of artificial blood. Another key area in medicine where Nanotechnology influences medicine immensely is through Nanobots. The picture below depicts the stream of Nanobots on the human body. Nanobots form a significant milestone in the field of medicine through the combination of Nanotechnology and Robotics. With nanobots, different applications significant for treatment are present. With these applications at hand, research asserts that it is easier to treat organisms present in the human body that cannot be located through the use of surgery. Noticeably, this will enable doctors in keeping at bay diseases that are hard to treat such as diabetes and cancer. Sattler also indicates in his book that, with the approval of nanotechnology, the fight against cancer will be worn because of the effectiveness and ease associated with nanorobots. This effectiveness and ease associated with nanorobots is because of their capability, to fight cancer cells directly while at the same time reducing the side-effects associated with cancer. Predictions indicate that curing of cancer and other malignant diseases will improve further because research has extended further to the nanoscopic field. Other prospective areas where nanobots utilization will take place include environmental clean-ups involving oil and water pollution and toxic wastes on land or water like oil spills. Nanobots will be utilized by industries in the creation of materials requiring artificial and specified finishing. Making of artificial materials will become safer through the use of nanobots. There will a significant achievement technology wise as predictions of advancement in computer chips, Microscopic parts of the mobile phone with powerful processors. All these will be achieved through the conceptualized applications of Nanobots. There is also an indication that nanobots will aid in manufacturing of foods. This will be a significant milestone because that will mean elimination of famine and deaths caused by famine. An immense improvement in other fields that is predicted with the coming of this technology includes plastic materials, car paints,, and stronger building structures. However, several implications will arise with the adoption of nanotechnology. These include health and environmental issues described as unintended. For instance, a dangerous product associated with nanotechnology involves silver nanoparticles. Research indicates that these silver nanoparticles are bacteriostatic in nature, and they harm beneficial bacteria essential for the breakage of organic matter in plants and farms. Another implication associated with nanotechnology is the carbon nanotubes, which are harmful to humans especially when inhaled. Research indicates that they do have the capability of causing mesothelioma. Therefore, a thorough regulation from the governments will be necessary to ensure that nanotechnology is utilized to safe extents and that nanoparticles is not overused in organic foods. Other areas that form risks associated with nanotechnology include networked cameras, weapons of mass destruction, and faster development of other weapons. This forms a risk because nanotechnology basic indicate that if nanotechnology is utilized in these areas, countries will posses weapons of mass destruction not traceable by the UN, which poses a security threat to the world. The capability of making many weapons at a time will also promote violence between ethnic groups and countries. The use of networked cameras will promote a lot of spying leading to conflicts between countries. Because of these contradicting influences associated with nanotechnology, there has been a raging debate, as to whether their adoption should be mandated or not. In conclusion, nanotechnology and robotics are becoming popular worldwide with indications of complex developments in 20 to 30 years to come. Research indicates that joining of technologies between nanotechnology and robotics will result to complex nanorobotics essential for achievement of several feats in the world. For instance, nanorobots will benefit the research industry, as it will lead to opening up of areas that normal research could not penetrate. An example in this field includes the manufacture of Microant cameras capable to penetrate tiny holes in the ground. These nanorobots will be able to do this, as they will have eyes fitted with cameras that will feed the researchers with information. Another area where nanotechnology will influence most is medicine. Various benefits result with adopting nanorobotics in medicine such as the possibility to treat cancer, diabetes and other malignant diseases. Nanobots also influence the medicine area because they have the capability to fight cancer cells directly while at the same time reducing the side effects associated with cancer. If adopted, nanotechnology will also influence other areas such as the creation of weapons and gadgets that will have super-high speeds. These gadgets include computer microchips and phones with faster processors. The world will benefit with an improved car paint, and improved production of farm produces associated with nanotechnology. However, there have been some implications regarding the adoption of nanotechnology, which relates to environmental and health concerns. Complains have emerged that adoption of the nanotechnologies will result to problems linked with weapons of mass destruction, networked cameras that will aid spying, and the possibility of creation of many weapons at the same time. The problem relating to making of many weapons at the same time is that elimination of an ethnic group or community will be easier and faster. This shows that nanotechnology is best for people with positive intentions that promote the development of humans, while at the same time taking care of environment and human health. Basing on the benefits related to the adoption of nanotechnology and the implications mentioned nanotechnology appears to be the future technology because the world is facing complex challenges, which can be sorted through the use nanotechnology. Buy custom When Nanotechnology Meets Robotics essay

Introduction to Accounting and finance -- Economics, Finance and Assignment - 3

Introduction to Accounting and finance -- Economics, Finance and Management - Assignment Example They are very disturbed with months like September recording a high sales volume and November recording a low sales volume. This could prove to be an issue for the working capital in the long run and the concept of going concern. (Fields. E., 2002). It would be better if the manager’s focus on achieving uniform sales targets every month so that the working capital available could be more consistent giving way for better planning. 3. If the company would continue with bulk purchases and not go for investing further in machinery, there could be a possibility of maintaining obsolete machinery. As it is, the company has only machinery worth  £25,000 and further non-investment may prove to be a hindrance to exploring newer avenues of market creation. (Clemmer. J., 1995). However, it needs to understand that its retained earnings which represent the profit over the years are quite high. They almost represent double of the owner’s equity. This means that the company’s overall profitability is commendable. Cash, on the other hand, represents the revenue or liability of that company. Revenue is generated by sales of that company. This is explained in the trading account of the firm. The other way to generate cash is to take up a liability. This is shown in the balance sheet of the firm. In the case of Hide to seek ltd there is a negative liquidity possibility for two months. This is because the company is planning to purchase materials in bulk. These materials are further sold in the coming months. There is no incidence of purchases in the next six months. Bulk purchases ensure discounted price. That means, while cash reserves are decreasing for two months, there is an indirect increase in profits in the next 3 months. This is the strategy to withhold benefits to gain higher of them in the future. This has to be given as an explanation in the footnotes to the financial statements. (Lander. P.G., 2004). If Hidetoseek ltd decides to investigate

Final project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Final project - Essay Example A harmonious combination into the use of these instruments fell into categories such as metal, stone, clay, bamboo, wood, bone, string, and gourd. The instruments gave symbols to Chinese people. These instruments were rudimentary and played about five notes out of the seven musical notes. The most recognized instruments in this episode include the Guzheng, the Zhong Ruan, the Liuqin, the YangQin, the Erhu, the Dizi, the Pipa, the Zheng, the Rattle drum, and the Xun, which was a wind musical instrument, and one among the ancient and oldest instrument used in China, approximately 7,000 years ago. In the past, the Xun was played in the open and provided the main part of the entertainment. It dates back to the Neolithic age. It has six holes at most and a very simple structure. Its sound creates a unique artistic feeling that inspires (Jin, Li & Rong 65-73). The changes in time and rapid development of musical instruments led to more instruments that were played in china to about over 70 instruments. Among them as recognized in the episode were the Qin, which is the oldest instrument of its time in the world, and can take on many shapes and accommodate many sounds. It was produced in the imagery of a cloud, and playing it required good manners by the players; hence, it was reserved for scholars. This instrument was mainly used to cultivate the mind and character of the player. The other instrument is the chime whistle used by ancient hunters, the pottery drum, the pottery whistle, and the chime stone, which originated from a simple farm tool, and resembled an ancient plough. Other instruments identified include the Shao Jingqun, the Piano, and the Chime bells, which were large and had complex shapes. The bells comprised 65 in total and weighed about 5 tons. There was also the chime stone that is recognized for being predominant in the musical industry of the Chinese, the giant drum found in the excavated tomb, and perceived as

Reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Reaction paper - Essay Example ion, cell phone is a technological invention which is possessed by all .It is a known fact that, cell phone has made a prominent impact on the working behavior of employees of an organization. Cellphone has enabled increased productivity in them due to its communicative effectiveness and accessibility. The use of technological device is however a contradictory fact because it is argued by some that it can increase productivity while some argues that laptops and cellphone wear off productivity. But when we compare the business world of yesteryears with that of todays , it is obvious that commercial activities are happening on a swift basis at present. Even though these gadgets divert the concentration of employees and waste their time and man power, this can only be seen as a minor drawback. These devices does deviate employees to indulge in handling their personal lives, this is truth. But this can also have a positive effect on their mental status which could make them more vibrant to perform their official chores. In earlier times, there were no technological devices and the employees could have been more frustrated and would have been intimidated physically and mentally to perform their job. But now the quality of work is increased as most of the work happens in less time than olden times. The survey conducted in US does reveal that majority people check email while on duty and multi- tasking hurts productivity, which is true. It has been traced that many employees engage more on online activities than official work as it is human tendency to look for pleasure rather than pain. However, the responsibility factor of employees in today’s world is minor in comparison with their older counterparts. There is a lot of technological addiction among young men of today than the aged people. The technology aided social networking sites available on computer is the biggest culprit which absorbs much of productive time of employees. The technological advancement of the

Comparing Structures of the Heart

Comparing Structures of the Heart This exercise was conducted so that the anatomical construction of the cardiac structures would be evident.There were no safety precautions necessary as all dissections were done on line as virtual dissections. Activity 1: Microscopic Anatomy of Cardiac Muscle Observations: Sketch and label your slide in the space provided. Include a description of the structures you observed on the slide. What are some unique structural features of cardiac muscle? Cardiac muscle is striated and uniquely structured to function in a muscle that is used approximately 70 times a minute, 24 hours a day, and 365 days a year for an average of 80 years. Cardiac muscle is branched, not linear like skeletal muscle. Cardiac muscle has alternating thick (myosin) and thin (actin) protein filaments which are the sliding filaments. These are the two primary proteins that build the cardiac fiber which is called a myofibril. When viewed under the microscope, also seen are the darker lines perpendicular to the muscle fiber which divide the cardiac muscle. These are the intercalated disks. These structures enable transmission of muscle contraction signals. The intercalated disk allows the rapid propagation of the muscle action potential which enables the myocardium to contract together and allows for ventricular synchrony. The heart must work continuously. That is why it has an abundance of mitochondria in the myocardium. In fact, approximately 50% of the myocardium is mitochondria. These structures are the cellular power generators for the cells. They enable constant aerobic respiration which supplies energy to the myocardial cell for constant function. What are intercalated discs and what do they do? The intercalated disks enable transmission of muscle contraction signals. The disks allow for the rapid propagation of the muscle action potential which enables the myocardium to contract together and allows for ventricular synchrony. Why does cardiac muscle have to be both elastic and strong? The human heart must be elastic as well as strong in order to meet the needs of the human body. The elasticity of the atria and ventricles is important in order to accommodate the preload that is essential to trigger the stretch of the myofibrils that is inherent in contractility and vital for cardiac output or the ejection of blood. When an individual participates in exercise and has a faster heart rate, the chambers must dilate (or stretch) to accommodate the returning volumes in order to meet the greater need for oxygen in the exercising muscles. As the heart returns to normal resting rates, these dilated chambers return to their normal size. Chronic chamber dilation (or cardiomyopathy) can be detrimental to the function of the heart and result in decreased pumping, loss of forward flow as well as heart failure. Contractility of the actin and myosin fiber is an inherent property of cardiac muscle. But strength of contractility is important to overcome afterload. Afterload is defined as the force that is needed to overcome aortic pressure for cardiac ejection of stroke volume. Afterload is increased in the presence of sustained diastolic hypertension. Over a period of years this continual increase in the work of the heart will lead to hypertrophy of the ventricular muscle and not only will strength of contraction be lost but increased oxygen consumption will be detrimental to the myocardium and may result in angina or infarction. D. Which of the three layers of the heart did the tissue used to make your slide originate from? The slide was made from the myocardium or muscle tissue. Activity 2: The Pulmonary and Systemic Circuits Draw a diagram showing pulmonary and systemic circulation. Color the deoxygenated side blue and the oxygenated side red. Use a regular pencil to draw arrows to indicate blood flow. Questions: Trace the flow of blood through the pulmonary and systemic circuits. Begin in the right atrium and end in the superior/inferior vena cava. Be sure to list every vessel, heart chamber, and heart valve the blood flows through. Blood flow through the heart begins with the returning deoxygenated systemic bolus into the right atrium. Passively it flows through the low pressure atrioventricular tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. As pressures equalize, the tricuspid valve closes. In the right ventricle, this bolus is pressurized isometrically and then ejected through the low pressure semilunar pulmonic valve into the right and left pulmonary arteries. The bolus then travels through the pulmonary arteries into the pulmonary arterioles and capillaries until it is in single file in the capillary at the alveolar-pulmonary basement membrane. At this point the red blood cell transverses the capillary lengthwise in order to present a greater surface area for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. Now the oxygenated red blood cell travels through the pulmonary capillary bed into the pulmonary venules and into the pulmonary veins. Through the pulmonary veins, of which there can be 3 to 5, the blood enters into the left atrium ( there are no valves in the pulmonary veins, unlike other veins, and the bolus of blood is pushed forward by the continual movement of blood from the right atrium and ventricle ) . Again passively the bolus of blood flows through the higher pressure mitral valve into the left ventricle. As the pressures again equalize, the mitral valve closes. As the bolus of blood, now known as left ventricular end diastolic volume or more correctly preload, is pressurized again isometrically, the pressure of the aorta (afterload) is exceeded and ejection occurs though the semilunar high pressure aortic valve and into the aorta. The oxygenated blood now travels through the aorta for dispersal to all the organs and tissues of the body for oxygenation and removal of the cellular waste product, carbon dioxide. From the aorta, blood travels into the smaller arteries, arterioles and eventually the various capillary beds. After the O2 and CO2 exchange occurs at the cellular level, the deoxygenated blood travels from the capillary beds into the venules, veins and eventually into the vena cava. The vena cava returns the deoxygenated blood into the right atrium via the inferior and superior vena cava vessels. And the process continues as long as the heart beats. Explain what you learned from the online human heart dissection. I must truthfully state that I did not gain any new information from this exercise. I have been an RN for almost 40 years and my primary area of practice is critical care. One of my areas of expertise is cardiology. I have been certified in critical care (CCRN) for 36 years and I am also cardiac medicine certified (CMC) by my national organization. However, it was interesting and a very nice review. Activity 3: Sheep Heart Dissection/Fetal Pig Comparison Questions: Compare the structure of the fetal pig and sheep heart. How are they similar? How are they different? Except for the differences in size, I did not note many differences between the sheep heart and the fetal pig heart. They are similar in that their construction is a 2 chambered atria and ventricle and there is similar vasculature. I did note that the fetal pig heart showed similar muscle mass of both the right and left ventricles. The left ventricle had not increased in myocardial muscle mass yet as the heart had not needed to be the sole source of power for perfusion. After birth, I believe that the left ventricle will increase in mass as seen in both the sheep heart and the human heart. Why is the heart referred to as a double pump? The human heart is referred to as a double pump because of the differences needed to handle systemic return and peripheral forward flow. The right heart is a lower pressure system and blood enters passively, driven by the left ventricular ejection force. This blood enters into the lower pressure pulmonary system, where pulmonary arterial systolic pressure is comparable to right ventricular systolic pressure. The left side of the heart is a much higher pressure system. As the blood leaves the left ventricle, it is at a much higher pressure due to the need to overcome the afterload of the aorta. (Systemic vascular resistance.) Because of this increased need, the left myocardium is considerably thicker than the right ventricle. Additionally, because of this increased muscle mass, during the sustained contraction phase (consistent with the ST segment in the electrical tracing), there is much higher oxygen consumption in the left ventricle. This predisposes the left ventricle to more cardiac issues such as angina, infarction, myopathies, hypertrophies and sudden death due to electrical disturbances. There are four valves in the heart. Name each valve, list its location and give its function. The four valves of the heart are the tricuspid, the pulmonic, the mitral and the aortic valve. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atria and right ventricle. It is a low pressure atrioventricular valve and its job is to prevent back flow or regurgitation of blood into the right ventricle during systole or contraction The pulmonic valve is a semilunar cusped valve located in the ostium of the trunk of the pulmonary artery which takes off from the right ventricle. When the right ventricle contracts and blood is pushed into the pulmonary artery, the pulmonic valve closes as the pressures are equalized. The cusp like structure helps to push blood forward. With the valve closed there should be no regurgitation from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle, this time during diastole as the dilation of the ventricle creates a vacuum to enhance diastolic filling from the atrium. The mitral valve is a bicuspid or 2 leaflet atrioventricular valve. It is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. As the left heart is a higher pressure system, the mitral valve must be able to withstand greater pressures. During the contraction of the left ventricle, closure of the mitral valve prevents regurgitation of blood from the ventricle into the left atrium. The mitral valve, as well as the tricuspid valve, is attached to the ventricular walls by chordae tendinea and papillary muscles. During infarctions of the left anterior ventricular wall, these structures can become ischemic and lead to mitral valve dysfunction, further complicating the infarction. The aortic valve is located at the root of the aorta at its junction with the left ventricle. It is a high pressure, cusped, semilunar valve that must withstand tremendous pressures during left ventricular ejection. Again, if the valve becomes incompetent, blood can flow back into the left ventricle during systole (ejection). This can lead to ventricular overload and pulmonary vascular congestion as well as forward perfusion issues. Both ostia of the coronary arteries are located at the aortic valve near the sinuses of Valsalva. If ventricular ejection is decreased either through poor contractility or incompetent aortic valve, coronary artery perfusion can be affected. Compare the left and right sides of the dissected heart. What differences do you see? When the dissected human heart is laid flat, both atria and ventricles can be seen. In this view, it is very obvious how much more muscular the left ventricle and even the left atrium is, when compared to the right side of the heat. The interventricular septum bows slightly into the right ventricle. The left ventricular chamber is larger in size and the left atrium is also larger In the right and left ventricles you can see the papillary muscles and chordae tendinea that attach the tricuspid and mitral valves to the interventricular wall. In the right ventricle there are trabeculae, light finger like projections that are not readily noted in the left ventricle. Compare and contrast the functions of the atria and the ventricles. Both atria are receiving chambers, with the left larger and more muscular than the right. The right atrium receives systemic, deoxygenated blood from the superior and the inferior vena cava and deoxygenated cardiac blood from the coronary sinus. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit via the multiple pulmonary veins in the left lateral wall. The right atrium is also the home of the heartà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s electrical system. The sino-atrial node (SA node) is located in the roof of the right atrium and is the primary pacemaker of the heart maintaining an inherent rhythm and rate of between 60 and 100 beats per minute. In the floor of the right atrium, near the junction of the atrium and the interventricular muscular septum is the atrioventricular node. The AV node or junction is a backup pacemaker of the heart, designed to come in as an escape mechanism if the SA node fails as can happen in cardiac disease or sometimes drug induced mechanisms. The junctio n is designed to only run the heart when it does not receive the SA nodal signal and so its intrinsic rate is 40 to 60. There is an automatic pause built in between the electrical signal of the SA node and the firing of the AV node and this is known as the AV interval. This slight pause is sufficient to allow the final filling of the ventricles before systole. The waveform generated with SA nodal firing causes the right atrium to contract and push the remaining blood into the right ventricle. This contribution to ventricular filling is known as atrial kick and can be extremely important to individuals with limited cardiac reserve. There are conduction pathways running through the right atrium and over to the left atrium but the atrium does not have any electrical nodes similar to the right atrium. In abnormal rhythms such as atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, there are sometimes aberrant pathways in the left atrium that contribute to these dysrhythmias. They are occasionally treated with ablation therapy and scarring of the atrial wall. Both ventricles are pumping chambers but the left is the more massive and more vital of the two. The right chamber receives the preload initially and if it is diseased or injured, its dysfunction can severely impact the left sided filling and cardiac output. The left ventricle is 2 to 3 times more muscular that the right and even thought the ventricles work in harmony, the leftà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s job is ejection and perfusion to the organs and tissues. The predominance of the coronary artery system is located on the left ventricle and the majority of coronary artery disease involves the left ventricle. Where is the myocardium located? The myocardium is the inner muscular layer of the heart, located between the epicardium and the endocardium. The epicardium is the outermost layer and is formed by the pericardium folding back onto itself at the aorta. Inflammation of this lining can cause pericarditis. The endocardium is the epithelial lining of the inside of the heart and includes all the structures internally. The endocardium also has an endocrine function, secreting endocardin which helps to sustain contraction. Infarctions can involve the endocardium and previously were known as subendocardial infarctions but are now call non-stemis. (Non ST segment elevation myocardial infarctions.) Additionally, bacteria from peripherally inserted central lines or IV drug abuse or even dental disease can cause infections of the endocardium called endocarditis. The myocardium is the muscle mass that is involved in stretch and contraction. When there is a disruption of oxygen to an area of myocardium, it is referred to as a myocardial infarction (Stemi) Death of the tissue with subsequent ventricular dysfunction can result if oxygenation is not restored. How does the heart supply blood to its own cells? The heart needs a continuous and rich source of oxygenated blood. None of the blood that is pumped through the left chambers oxygenates the heart. The hearts source of oxygen comes from the coronary artery system. These vessels lay on the epicardium of the heart and through collaterals and perforators supply the myocardium with oxygen rich blood. The left coronary artery arises at the left Sinus of Valsalva on the aortic valve. It travels a short distance across the left atrium behind the pulmonary artery, which protects it from any external trauma, caudally towards the left ventricle and is known as the left main. Any significant disruption of flow at this level through stenosis or thrombus can cause sudden cardiac death. As the left main emerges from behind the pulmonary artery, it becomes known as the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). This artery travels from the atrium to the apex of the left ventricle, giving off significant branches and lies in the interventricular sulcus directly overlying the ventricular septum. When you look at the human heart and notice the heavy streak of fat running across the anterior wall of the left ventricle, you are looking at the protective covering of fat for the LAD as it lies in the interventricular sulcus. When the left main changes to the LAD, there is another branch given off that runs circumferentially between the left ventricle and the left atrium. This is known as the Circumflex and also lies in a groove known as the atrioventricular groove and is protected also by a fat pad. On occasion there is a 3rd branching that arises at this area known as the Ramus or Intermediate branch. Arising from the LAD are diagonals that cross the anterior surface of the left ventricle from the IV sulcus to the left lateral aspect of the left ventricle. The LAD also gives rise to a group of vessels known as septal perforators that perforate the anterior aspect of the muscular septum. The LAD crosses over the apex and turns upward for a short distance on the inferior aspect of the left ventricle. The Circumflex travels around the left ventricle and terminates on the inferior aspect of the left ventricle not far from the right ventricle in branches referred to as the muscular branches. As the Circumflex travels around the heart, there are branches that arise and travel caudally and laterally across the left ventricle. These 3 branches are referred to as the obtuse marginals. The Right Coronary Artery (RCA) arises of the right Sinus of Valsalva on the right side of the aorta. The RCA lies in the same atrioventricular sulcus that the Circumflex lies in as it travels between the right atrium and the right ventricle. When the RCA reaches the division between the anterior aspect of the right ventricle and the inferior aspect of the left ventricle, there is a large branch that comes off the RCA and travels laterally towards the LAD. This is referred to as the Acute Marginal branch of the RCA and feeds the right ventricle. Near the ostium of the RCA, there is a small lateral branch that is important for collateral feed to the LAD, known as the conus branch. As the RCA traverses the right ventricle branches known as muscular branches supply additional blood to the right ventricle. Having turned and been protected behind the inferior vena cava for a short distance, the RCA is now traveling on the inferior wall of the left ventricle. When it reaches the point where it would be over the interventricular septum, it makes a 90 degree turn and heads towards the apex of the left ventricle. At this time it is now referred to as the Posterior Descending Coronary Artery of the Right Coronary Artery (PDA). There is a mirror sulcus here called the posterior IV sulcus to protect the PDA. Just like on the LAD, the PDA gives off septal perforators that feed the posterior portion of the interventricular septum. The electrical system of the heart is feed predominately by the RCA as 60% of the time the SA Nodal artery arises off the PDA near this 90% turn and is a perforator type of artery. The AV Nodal artery, as a perforator, arises from the PDA directly at this angle, which is known as the Crux. Collaterals exist from birth and are widespread across the anterior surface of the left ventricle as well as the inferior surface. As we age ,they begin to develop and gain importance for cardiac blood flow when the other major coronary vessels develop atherosclerotic disease and stenosis. Coronary blood flow is on the supply and demand system. When another organ has an increased need for oxygen, (for instance, the colon) the heart rate increases to meet that demand. In the heart, however, the supply is meet internally through the perforators and smaller capillaries that run a small distance into the myocardium. The best filling of the perforators and capillaries is during diastole or rest. During systole, they are compacted by the muscles in which they lie. As the coronaries receive flow both during systole and passively during diastole, it is to the hearts advantage to not be tachycardia.

Industrial revolution :: essays research papers

Industrial Revolution (Extra Credit) The era known as the Industrial Revolution was a period in which fundamental changes occurred in agriculture, textile, metal manufacture, transportation, economic policies and the social structure in England. This period is appropriately labeled â€Å"revolution,† for it thoroughly changed the old manner of doing things and bringing up new techniques. Constantly improving the ways in which things were made, which had effects of cutting costs and improving quality and efficiency was revolutionary about the era. The changes that occurred during this period occurred gradually. Industrial Revolution did not happen suddenly; it happened spread out the centuries. It wasn’t only inventions but mostly improvement and new techniques to present inventions. Advances in agricultural techniques and practices resulted in an increased supply of food and raw materials, changes in industrial organization and new technology resulted in increased production, efficiency and profits, and th e increase in commerce, foreign and domestic, were all conditions which promoted the advent of the Industrial Revolution. The improved yield of the agricultural sector can be attributed to the enclosure movement and to improved techniques and practices developed during this period. A common practice in early agriculture was to allow the land to lie fallow after it had been exhausted through cultivation. Later it was discovered that the cultivation of clover and other legumes would help to restore the fertility of the soil. Prior to 1760 the manufacture of textiles occurred in the homes, by people who gave part of their time to it. It was a tedious process from raw material to finished product. Many of the stages of production were performed by women and children. The supply of raw material for the woolen industry was obtained domestically. In the cases of silk and cotton, the raw materials were obtained from foreign sources, such as, China, the West Indies, North American and Africa . John Kay’s flying-shuttle, which enabled one weaver to do the work of two, and Richard Arkwright’s roller spinner, which was to make spinning more efficient and James Hargreaves’ jenny, a device which enabled the operator to simultaneously spin dozens of threads, was readily adopted. Arkwright and others developed the water frame. Coal was the one of the most important material during Industrial Revolution. It was the black gold of the eighteenth century. Underground mining was extremely dangerous and risky. Improvements in coal mining came in the form of improved tunnel ventilation, improved underground and surface transportation, and the use of gunpowder to blast away at the coal seams, and improved tunnel illumination through the use of lamps.

Evaluating Eighteenth Century Poetry Essay

Evaluating eighteenth century poetry is not an easy task. After all, the use of language, the cultural references, and the metaphors used then might be a little too different from what are being used now. As such, it would be necessary to take into account the usage of the language—the construction, the idioms being used then, as well as the different expressions being used then. The following points outline several points in reading, enjoying, and evaluating poetry in the eighteenth century. I. Introduction: The authors who wrote poetry in the eighteenth century should be reviewed briefly so that a student may gain some familiarity to 18th century poetry. II. Historical Context and State of the Art. A brief description of the social situation in the period will also be in order as these would lend color and appearance to the poetic inspirations and situations depicted in the poetry then. III. Literary Devices. In evaluating poetry, the reader should be on the lookout for several literary devices such as metaphors, similes, and personification among others. These would also point to the topics and themes explored then. These literary devices can then be analyzed internally as to their effectiveness in conveying the poem’s message during the period. IV. Â  Language. The language of the eighteenth century is far different from today. As such, it would be necessary to look into the language used, the manner of sentence construction as well as the overall usage and popularity of the language then. Finally, there could also be a way to trace the legacy of these poetry to poetry today.

Blackrock by Nick Enright: Dramatic Play

The author of the play â€Å"Blackjack†, Nick Nearing has written a very dramatic play towards today's society. During the play he uses lots of techniques to make it relate to the audience, therefore making it more appealing to the readers. Friendship is also a major factor in the play, â€Å"Blackjack†. Throughout this play, many different attitudes and values are brought up. It is very appealing towards teenagers, because of today's society and how it relates to the problems of today.In the play, the attitudes towards women are very negative, such as the females Ewing thought to be the less powerful gender, compared to the males as being the powerful ones. This is always seen in today's society as the men over powering the women, because men are meet to be the big tough ones. The guys in the play treated the girls badly. They were always talking to them badly, acting like they were unimportant and less powerful. One of the main offenders of this was Rick. He appears t o be one of those people that only care about themselves and doesn't care about what happens to anyone else.Family and friends are a major part of the play. For example, When Rick asked his mate Jarred to try and cover up for him from the night of Tracey Warder's death. He wanted Jarred to say that Rick was with Jarred on the night of the incident, so that the police wouldn't be after him. Jarred asked his father what he thought he should do. His father said, if you think it is worth getting into to trouble with the law to help your friend then go ahead and back Rick up. This shows that you can't always be backing your friends up 100% of the time, if it meaner you may get into trouble for doing so then it isn't worth the risk.

SCHIZOPHRENIA and smoking essays

SCHIZOPHRENIA and smoking essays Tobacco use is significantly associated with schizophrenia. However, it is not clear if smoking is associated with illness itself, treatment, or underlying vulnerability to the disease. Smoking is recognized as a common problem in schizophrenia, based on clinical observations and epidemiological studies. Smoking has been suggested to be a marker of more severe illness, as smokers tend to have an earlier age of onset, more previous hospitalizations, and require higher doses of neuroleptic medication than nonsmokers (Goff, Henderson, @ Amico, 1992). In addition, smokers with schizophrenia tend to smoke more heavily and extract more nicotine from each cigarette than normal smokers. The reason why individuals with schizophrenia are more inclined to smoke are not well understood, and several possible explanations have been bought forth. Most of these suggest that nicotine serves as a form of self-medication, either against the side effects of the antipsychotic medications or against other deficits associated with the illness. The nicotine in the cigarettes stimulates dopamine release and has mood elevating and anxiolytic effects in normal smokers. Smoking also seems to improve cognitive performance in normal smokers. . The nicotine increases the metabolism of some typical neuroleptics; smoking may reduce some side effects of antipsychotic medications by decreasing their levels in the blood. The participants that were used for one study were Vietnam era twins. The participants were interviewed using the diagnostic interview schedule, supplemented with additional information about quantity and frequency of smoking. The interview assessed symptoms of nicotine dependence according to the criteria of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. The mean age of the participants was 44.6 years of age. The majority of the participants self identified themselves as non-Hispanic whites, about four percent were African Americans two per...

Should Parents be Subjected to Licencing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Should Parents be Subjected to Licencing - Essay Example In the hands of parents lie their children’s future because how they mold their children will create a great impact on the children’s lives. LaFollette has argued that a license is necessary when the activity to be engaged upon is potentially harmful to others. Much like a driver needs to secure a driver’s license before driving a car because driving is potentially harmful to others, parenting is argued to likewise be potentially harmful to children especially if the parents are not qualified to raise them (183). The second argument for a licensing program for parents is that their competence should be proven in order to ensure a safe performance of their duties as parents (183). What if they are not adept in caring for another individual, especially a young child who is totally dependent on them for all his needs? What if they do not have what it takes to equip the children with the necessary skills to survive when they grow up and go out into the world? What wo uld become of these children? A third argument for licensing is that there should be a reliable procedure for testing such competence (184). LaFollette explains that when the first two arguments are met, that of parenting being potentially harmful indeed to others especially to children, and that the parents’ competence is questionable, then parents become legitimate subjects for licensing. If all three arguments are met, then it becomes imperative to issue licenses to qualified parents. Since children are highly valued by society, their welfare is given utmost consideration. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) declares that "the child, by reason of his physical and mental immaturity, needs special safeguards and care, including appropriate legal protection, before as well as after birth" (Article 2.2), Article 2.2 further details, â€Å"States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that the child is protected against all forms of discrimination or punishment on the basis of the status, activities, expressed opinions, or beliefs of the child's parents, legal guardians, or family members.† This implies that if children are left in the hands of irresponsible parents, then the state will do everything to protect children from any potential harm that may be inflicted by such parents. This is to ensure that they will be kept safe and put in an environment where they can grow and develop into well-adjusted and healthy individuals that can be productive and contributory citizens to society in the future. Studies have shown that children who grew up under abusive or negligent parents have strong tendencies to develop the same behaviors with their own children due to the constant exposure they got when they were young. Anda et al (2005:174) discussed in their study that the traumatic experiences of abused or neglected children often stays on with the victims into adulthood. Some children may never fully recover from the trauma, resulting in lifelong depression, anxiety, and personality disorders. Other individuals may be predisposed to engage in prostitution, pornography, drug abuse, or crime. The long-term consequences of child maltreatment can be so devastating that it has been called "soul murder" (Shengold, 1989:43). In order to prevent this, Article 19 of the UNCRC requires that â€Å"

Microeconomic Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Microeconomic Analysis - Essay Example This leads to creation of awareness of the product and thus an increase in the demand. The cost of other substitutes: electricity is the major substitute to solar panels (Denholm 2007). The high cost of electricity as compared to solar panels is pulling away many individuals to consumer the solar panels. Between 2006 and 2011, Europe represented more than 70 percent of global solar installations. In 2008 and 2010, the region made up roughly 85 percent of installations, the supply of solar panels therefore is a major factor in determining whether to venture into the contract business (Denholm 2007). Supply in the number of commodities the suppler is willing to sell at a given period of time. With the government intervention in the supply of the commodities the supplies have a ready market to supply to. This therefore enhances the demand to supply the commodity. The willingness of individual households and businesses to install solar panels is a major boost to the willingness of the suppler to produce the goods. Then levels of inventory have remained low in the recent past and therefore the venture is a great opportunity for Cindy. The region has expressed a huge market for solar panels with the government subsidy and the high cost of substitutes then the business is most likely to be a profitable venture for Cindy (Denholm 2007). I recommend her to venture into contract installation of solar panels and will definitely get the return on

Capital Strucutre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Capital Strucutre - Essay Example Based on the above assumption, the theory suggest that the firm value is independent of the capital strucutre and there is no fixed combination of the debt and equity which can suggest that it this level the firm has the optimum capital strucutre. However, in practice it is largely believed that the capital strucutre with 60% of debt and 40% of equity can be optimum for the firm. Higher debt capital may fund the growth of the firm however with increasing debt, it becomes hard for the organisations to keep the financial covenants of their debts intact therefore high debt ratios incur further risk for the organistion therefore there is no such magical relationship between debt to book capitalization ratio. The debt to book capitalization therefore vary from industry to industry and there Is no solid formula to determin tha the debt to book capitalization ratio of 60% therefore there is no capital strucutre theory under which it can be justified that a debt to book capitalization ratio should be 60%. A greenfield project is one which is built from scratch and is not constrained by any previous work. These projects are mostly constructed on the unused land where there is no room or need required to remodel the existing piece of land to demolish the existing strucutres. According to the transcation theory of foreign direct investment, the mode of entry into markets especially foreign markets depends upon how efficient the greenfiled projects will be as compared to the domestic facilities. If the greenfield projects are going to give more efficient results than the existing ones than going for greenfield projects can be a good move however if efficiencies are not achieved than in that case greefield projects may go awry. Therefore one of the most important lesson which can be learned from this is the fact that how good greefield projects can bring the desire efficiency and effectiveness in the company specially with relation to the operational efficiency. (Hennart). Apart from that the greenfield projects providethe organisation necessary room to look for better and more efficient resources.  

Myself and My Course Essay Example for Free

Myself and My Course Essay Lets talk about myself, my name is Mark Vincent Y. Teodocio. I’m 17 years old. I was born on a warm, sunny day in September. I live at Cecilio Blanco Cmpd. Villamayor st. Brgy Pag-asa Binangonan Rizal. I am studying at WCC Antipolo. I live with my mom Edith, and my little brother johnly. My father died when I was in 2nd year high school. So my mom survived us alone. I have one sister namely Gladys. My sister has her own family now that’s why me and my little brother are the only one left to live with my mom. I started school when I was 4 years old. I went to kindergarten through 3rd year at Colegio De San Clemente Angono, Rizal. Then I attended Angono Private High School for my 4th year high school. I am now a first year college student at World Citi Colleges currently aiming to graduate my bachelor degree in Business administration in the near future. My favorite sports is Volleyball. I love surfing the internet if I have free time, opening my mails, visit my facebook account and chat with my friends so I stay connected with them anytime and anywhere. I’m not used to play computer games like others do. Spend the whole day in front of the computer. My favorite colors are red, blue and black. My friend sees me as a kind, sweet, funny and friendly person. Life to me means friends and family. Who you can trust and who trust you. I am pretty much on the bright side of life. But like all teens do. I do have my days of sadness or depression. I have some few friends who looks out for me during those days or when I’m having a bad days. I have someone here at school to talk to. I make my school days go by thinking of either the next hour or what I will do when I get home or on the weekend. Now, lets talk about my course. As I said in the beginning I’m a freshmen student. Taking up Bachelor of science in business administration major in marketing/management. And if you ask me why others should take my course. For me, business administration offers many advantages. Including vast amount of career opportunities in a variety of job sectors, and well paying jobs or high salary jobs. You will have the education to plan your financial and business future. Year 2016 will be the time I will graduate from college. In a few years i see myself as a successful Business man. Managing people with abilities and knowledge of what they are doing. The Boss of my own Company. And my name is known not only locally but internationally. At that time, i think I will probably be still living here at Angono, Rizal with my mom and my little brother. As I said in the beginning, I was born here in Angono, Rizal. And I’ve live here my whole life. I would like to see more of the philippines but unfortunately, I don’t have money to leave Angono, Rizal. to go anywhere right now. I hope you have enjoyed reading my life story as much I have enjoyed making it for you. Here’s a tip for you to live or try to live by: Hardwork will give you Power, being lazy will make you slave.

Framework of research methodology

Framework of research methodology Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to describe the Framework of research methodology followed in this thesis in detail. The elaboration along with the discussion on various types of research will be discussed to explain the approach and methods for the presentation of research work. From the view point of many researchers that Research Methodology is a design process which consists of step by step approach leading towards the conclusion of substantial results. Based on different view point evaluation the researcher of this thesis project suggest that Research Methodology is just a design or step by step approach but its a complete frame work of components which consist of the following: Identify the problem Propagate the idea for possible solution / Brain Storming process Data Collection from the variable sources Evaluate the sample data Conclude the results Finalized the Theory In other words from one of the researcher provides his statements as â€Å"Research design provides the glue that holds the research project together. A design is used to structure the research, to show how all of the major parts of the research project the samples or groups, measures, treatments or programs, and methods of assignment work together to try to address the central research questions.† [http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/design.php] The Research Hypothesis Behind every research work there is certainly some hypothesis always involved, therefore in the same way there are many hypotheses are provided by the different researchers in various research papers about the research methodology, to provide elaboration under the light of those hypothesis the researcher has taken them over here as reference. â€Å"The research or scientific hypothesis is a formal affirmative statement predicting a single research outcome, a tentative explanation of the relationship between two or more variables. For the hypothesis to be testable, the variables must be operationally defined. The is, the researcher specifies what operations were conducted, or tests used, to measure each variables. Thus the hypothesis focuses the investigation on a definite target and determines what observations or measures are to be used† [Research methodology: techniques and trends by Dr. Y.K Singh and Dr. R.B Bajpai Book] The philosophy of the research methodology is to achieve the desired results, for which it is necessary to adopt certain steps, which is also known as Frame work of study. There fore the development in the research can be done. Many Researchers have argued that these research hypotheses by the researcher includes those assumptions which should be vital and in which the researcher views the world so that these assumptions will support the researcher strategy and methods he selected as a part of that strategy. Where as the research can done in various ways , based on the requirements of the thesis projects, but to streamline and to get the most out come of the research there should be a frame work of the thesis has to be adopted. [Self] â€Å"Such philosophies are considered as a tool to find the best way of having research done, and these philosophies enable the researcher to get a well balance conclusion† [Stiles, J. (2003) ‘A Philosophical Justification for a Realist Approach Qualitative Market Research: An International journal, Volume 6, Number 04] The Aims and Objective The aims and objective of this research is to produce a document over a Meta analysis on GPON and EPON technologies with the questionnaire based surveys. For this purpose a customized methodology / framework has been adopted based on the standards provided by the researcher for this nature of work. Types of techniques There are two types of research pattern techniques provided by the researchers one is called Qualitative research and the second is called quantitative research. Sinuff et al. (2007, p.105) defined Qualitative research as â€Å"A Qualitative research offers descriptive models of behaviour, social organization, and social interaction that can be used to improve behaviour and experiences. It is well suited to exploratory investigations of problems which about little are known†. According to Amaratunga et al. (2002), qualitative approach concentrates on words and observations to find a conclusion and it also attempts to design the people in the social sciences. On other side, quantitative research mainly is based on the numbers that represents the opinions and concepts about the particular research. They further argued that the richness and holism of qualitative data can provide strong support for revealing complexities in research process. Furthermore, the information for qualitative research is normally collected over a longer period of time therefore it makes researching more broad. According to Amaratunga et al. (2002) quantitative research design has been considered as appropriate for examining the behavioural component. It has been concerned with measuring the true value of the propositions. It allows the flexibility in examining the data, in terms of statistical analysis, comparative analyses and repeatability of data collection for confirming validity of the research. [Amaratunga Dilanthi, Baldry David, Sarshar Marjan and Newton Rita (2002) ‘Qualitative and Quantitative Research in the Built Environment: Application of â€Å"Mixed† Research Approach, Research Paper, 51(1): 17-31.] Web link: [http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do;jsessionid=8AC83587644A027D31356889353AAD04?contentType=ArticlehdAction=lnkpdfcontentId=851373] Amaratunga et al. (2002) have summarized some of the strengths of quantitative research, which are shown as follows; Its process is quick and also economical. The subject under study is analyzed and observed independently. In quantitative research the comparison and replication is allowed. The reliability and validity can be obtained more objectively than the qualitative. In Quantitative research, data is collected from the large sample that may have a huge influence on the policy decisions. The subject under study is analyzed and observed by adopting the objective methods rather than just been focused on the subjectivity through sensation and reflection. [Amaratunga Dilanthi, Baldry David, Sarshar Marjan and Newton Rita (2002) ‘Qualitative and Quantitative Research in the Built Environment: Application of â€Å"Mixed† Research Approach, Research Paper, 51(1): 17-31.] [http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do;jsessionid=8AC83587644A027D31356889353AAD04?contentType=ArticlehdAction=lnkpdfcontentId=851373] Research Approach (Qualitative Vs Quantitative) The research approach can be either Qualitative or Quantitative, whereas both have there advantages and disadvantages in different scenarios. A quantitative approach consists of the knowledge which will measure, describe and explain all the processes, this type of approach are applies to scientific researches, where the data is taken as sample and to obtain the results. A Qualitative approach is the one in which knowledge is tested to investigate, interpret and to comprehend the processes. In the below given table a comparison can be seen. Research techniques As in previous it is stated by the researchers that there are various techniques adopted to get the most output of the research work. There fore as in case of this thesis which is based on Meta analysis the following listed steps will be followed. Literature Review Questionnaire based Survey Survey Analysis Conclusion / Result set Data Collection, Surveys and Questionnaire Data Collection Methods Data can be collected for the research purposes in two methods, primary data collection and secondary data collection, which are defined below: Primary Data In this kind of research the researcher has to collect all the information related to the topic, by interacting himself with different professionals related to the research topic. Data can be collected for various reasons, such as doing research from the organisations perspective, where the researcher has to carry out interviews and prepare questionnaires that are useful to obtain relevant information (). Primary research can be very hectic and time consuming as the researcher has to attain the knowledge from the people who are indirectly or directly related with the topic which is being researched. The reason for not to use primary research is because retail sector is very vast sector, and requires thorough understanding of its operations. Primary research need to be carried out when there are lack of information available through secondary research, which can be obtained thorough primary research by conducting telephonic interviews, mailed questionnaires or by focus group that is a nother reason why the researcher choose the method of secondary research to gather all the relevant information. [Quinton, S. and Smallbone, T. (2006), postgraduate research in business: a critical guide, London: Sage publications] If the research is of primary data collection then there are two types of observations, participants observations which is more emphasis on qualitative and the second is structured observations which is more attached to quantitative (). [Saunders, M. Lewis, P. and Thornhill A. (2000), Research Methods for Business Students, 2nd Edition, England: Pearson Education] Participant And Structured Observations â€Å"Participant observation is a major research strategy which aims to gain a close and intimate familiarity within a group of individuals, and their practices† (wikipedia, 2007). Their intensive involvement is also required with the people in their natural environment. [online] Available at: [Accessed 10th dec 2006]. Collection Of Primary Data Use of interpersonal interviews and purposeful questionnaires are the most authentic ways of collecting data unlike observations and case studies, which makes the data more reliable and realistic. In collection of primary data use of questionnaires and interviews help to make the research more significant [Saunders, M. Lewis, P. and Thornhill A. (2000), Research Methods for Business Students, 2nd Edition, England: Pearson Education]. In primary data collection the researcher has to interact with individuals or groups in order to obtain required data, which is not being collected before and is exclusive. [Quinton, S. and Smallbone, T. (2006), postgraduate research in business: a critical guide, London: Sage publications] Collection And Design Of Questionnaires Design of questionnaires should be precise and understandable. Before giving feedbacks everyone would like to know who you are (having contact numbers or address), what type of research you are doing and what will be the outcomes. The list of questions should appear clear and not very lengthy, try to make answerer not to work hard and except giving long answers they can carry on with simple ticks, or circles []. [Brent, primary data collection methods, [online], Available at: http://brent.tvu.ac.uk/dissguide/hm1u3/hm1u3text3.htm]. According to Bryman: (2003: pp. 161, Bryman, A. and Bell. E. (2003), â€Å"Business research methods†, New York: Oxford University Press.), it is necessary to keep in mind that the questions which are being prepared for the research, should be asked in different ways, such as: Personal questions, which include the private information from the participant like age, gender, etcetera (2003 pp. 161-164, Bryman, A. and Bell. E. (2003), â€Å"Business research methods†, New York: Oxford University Press). Factual question but this includes the information about others. Informer factual questions which includes the information other then private. Questions about what the respondent beliefs regarding certain aspects are. Question about attitudes are very common in asking for the research information (Bryman, 2003 pp. 161-164). Questions about topic mean that whether participant has the knowledge and experience regarding specific area or not (Bryman, 2003 pp. 161-164). [Bryman, A. and Bell. E. (2003), â€Å"Business research methods†, New York: Oxford University Press] Advantages And Disadvantages Of Primary Data Collection It is also advantageous if data is being collected by the use of primary research. Keeping in view that it could only happen if the sample questionnaire is simple and relevant, and there is no replication or irrelevancy in questionnaires. Disadvantages include the expensive procedure having time constraint. There is also a possibility of participants being bias when answering the questionnaire which may result in data being misinterpreted. Secondary Data Secondary data collection is a kind of research where there is no need for the researcher to be involved directly or physically with the live experiences. In this research the data is available in different forms such as printed material or electronic versions and contain all the past experiences, experienced by individuals or organizations. Comparatively secondary data collection is much easier and hassle free for the researcher who wants the research to be based on past experiences (Quinton, 2006: pp. 67-69). According to research compliance (no date) â€Å" Data, documents, records, or specimens that have been collected, or will be collected solely for non-research purposes and are in existence prior to the beginning of the study†. Resources Of Secondary Data For the collection of secondary data research there are various indefinite resources through which information can be collected. The researcher must be using the data which is being collected prior to do the research and may be used for some other reasons before. The most commonly resources from which data could be collected are: newspapers, magazines, articles, journals (manuals and e journals both), financial reports and some internal organisational documents could be a part of secondary data. Data Collection Techniques Techniques tell us by what means the data will be collected. Following section shows the methods used by the researcher to collect data. Multiple sources.( different societies) Survey data (statistical census reports and governmental data) Multiple Sources While working on this dissertation the researcher had gone through some of the Vendor based white papers to have more clear idea of the technology, also gone through the Research papers provided by the various researchers. Survey Data Survey data means what so ever information or data being collected prior to the research from any specific resources, like literature or review being published could be used as a part of secondary data collection Collection Of Secondary Data While the data is gathered from secondary sources, it is not always possible to fulfill all the desired results, that a researcher is expecting as these informations can be published for some other purposes, but have some-what relevance to the work on which researcher is working, so these datas can benefit the researcher (Saunders et al. 2000: p. 200). When gathering data from news papers, there is likelihood that news papers can have some printing mistakes, it is very rare that they publish some reports which might be proved wrong in future; even then news papers are and will always be a great resource of secondary data. With web links, some of the websites are amendable by anyone, in that case the research can be affected because data is not authenticated (Saunders et al, 2000). Advantages Of Secondary Data There is no doubt that Secondary research is more advantageous as described by Ghauri et al: (1995) [] that, in search of solution of the research questions and aims, secondary data enables the researcher to gather existing data through various resources, in desired amount of money and time. Secondary data take less time in analysis and give more chance to think about synergy. Whereas, Steward and Kamins: (1993) [] argues that in comparison with primary data secondary data is the most quickest way of gathering knowledge, and seems to be the more viable alternative and is of high quality in nature and easier to measure. [Ghauri et. al., (1995, citing in Saunders et al. 2000), research methods for business students, England: Pearson Education limited.] [Karmins and Stewarts, (1993, Cited by Saunders et al. 2000), research methods for business students, England: Pearson Education limited.] Disadvantages Of Secondary Data According to Denscombe (1998), â€Å"there are some disadvantages of choosing the secondary based research, the data, which is being used, may be of old version and not reflect objectives and research questions.† In other words this method can also be inappropriate because the data collected may have interpretations that are not exactly following the said topic aims. Resources Used Secondary based research is comprised on the data which is previously available via different acknowledged resources, therefore the researcher come across to different reliable resources in order to collect the relevant data such as: Resources for e-journals Business Process Management Journal, Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management ) Emerald (articles) Search Engines Google advance search. Google ( scholar search, online books and Literature) Books. Articles. Magazines. Professional in the field of Network Access Technology [Saunders, M. Lewis, P. and Thornhill A. (2000), Research Methods for Business Students, 2nd Edition, England: Pearson Education] [Denscombe (1998, Citing by Saunders et al. 2000), research methods for business students, England: Pearson Education limited.] [Ghauri et. al., (1995, citing in Saunders et al. 2000), research methods for business students, England: Pearson Education limited.] [Bryman, A. and Bell. E. (2003), â€Å"Business research methods†, New York: Oxford University Press] [Brent, primary data collection methods, [online], Available at: http://brent.tvu.ac.uk/dissguide/hm1u3/hm1u3text3.htm]. [Quinton, S. and Smallbone, T. (2006), postgraduate research in business: a critical guide, London: Sage publications]